Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis EOC Review

Parent & Daughter Cells Cells come from pre-existing cells Parent cells divide to produce daughter cells

Chromosomes Store genetic information, made of DNA and protein Karyotype: shows normal number of chromosomes in each cell

Questions How many chromosomes are in the karyotype? How many pairs of chromosomes? Is subject male or female? Which are homologous?

Questions How many chromosomes are in the karyotype? 46 How many pairs of chromosomes? 23 Is subject male or female? male Which are homologous? all but XY but even XY pairs together for division

Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Purpose of Process Number of Daughter Cells Produced Number of Chromosomes in Parent Cell (Human) Daughter Cells Diploid (2n) Or Haploid (n)? Daughter Cells Genetically Identical to Parent? Daughter Cells Genetically Identical to Each Other?

Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Purpose of Process To create new cells for growth, repair, etc To create sex cells for reproduction Number of Daughter Cells Produced 2 4 Number of Chromosomes in Parent Cell (Human) 46 Daughter Cells Diploid (2n) Or Haploid (n)? 2n (diploid) n (haploid) Daughter Cells Genetically Identical to Parent? Yes No Daughter Cells Genetically Identical to Each Other?

Types of Reproduction Sexual: union of 2 germ cells (gametes) by fertilization 50% of DNA from each parent Asexual: reproduction that does not involve fusion of gametes Progeny identical to parents

Sexual Reproduction Advantages: genetic recombination Disadvantages: energy and effort

Asexual Reproduction Cloning: process of producing identical organisms Budding: method of asexual reproduction in which juvenile grows out of adult Binary fission: used by bacteria, cell is split into two identical cells

Asexual Reproduction: Budding

Asexual Reproduction: Binary fission

Answers to Questions follow #5 1. Which of these is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis results in two cells; meiosis results in four. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction; meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction. Mitosis produces cells with a full set of chromosomes; meiosis produces cells with a half set of chromosomes. Mitosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as paramecia; meiosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as humans.

The American buffalo has cells containing 60 chromosomes The American buffalo has cells containing 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each sperm cell of an American buffalo? A) 120 B) 60 C) 30 D) 15

Which sex will a person be if the father has contributed an X chromosome? A) male, no matter what B) female, no matter what C) male, if the mother contributes an X D) female, if the mother contributes a Y

Which of these is an advantage of sexual reproduction? A) It creates variation within a population. B) It creates offspring that are well-adapted to the environment. C) It creates offspring that are identical to its parents. D) It ensures no variation within a population.

Which of these correctly represents the process of meiosis? A) B) C) D)

Answers to the Questions Follow!

1. Which of these is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis results in two cells; meiosis results in four. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction; meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction. Mitosis produces cells with a full set of chromosomes; meiosis produces cells with a half set of chromosomes. Mitosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as paramecia; meiosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as humans.

The American buffalo has cells containing 60 chromosomes The American buffalo has cells containing 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each sperm cell of an American buffalo? A) 120 B) 60 C) 30 D) 15

Which sex will a person be if the father has contributed an X chromosome? A) male, no matter what B) female, no matter what C) male, if the mother contributes an X D) female, if the mother contributes a Y

Which of these is an advantage of sexual reproduction? A) It creates variation within a population. B) It creates offspring that are well-adapted to the environment. C) It creates offspring that are identical to its parents. D) It ensures no variation within a population.

5. Which of these correctly represents the process of meiosis 5. Which of these correctly represents the process of meiosis? A) B) C) D)