Dihybrid Crosses.

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Presentation transcript:

Dihybrid Crosses

A dihybrid question is one that deals with two separate traits. Each trait acts independently, but both are dealt with at the same time.

Eg. 1 When a tall pea plant with white flowers was crossed to a dwarf pea plant with purple flowers, all of the offspring were tall with purple flowers. Show the complete analysis of the F1 and F2 generations.

F1 = 100% TtPp, 100% tall, purple-flowered x TtPp TP tp Tp TRUE- BREEDING PARENTS: GAMETES: F1 HYBRID OFFSPRING: white flowers, tall purple flowers, dwarf All purple-flowered, tall tP tP Tp Tp F1 = 100% TtPp, 100% tall, purple-flowered

tall white X dwarf purple P1 X P2 pheno tall white X dwarf purple geno TT tt pp X PP gametes Tp X tP one piece of information about height and one piece of information about flower colour

all tall and purple-flowered Tp tP TtPp genotypic ratio: all TtPp phenotypic ratio: all tall and purple-flowered All of the F1 pea plants are tall and purple-flowered

tall purple X tall purple F1 X F1 pheno tall purple X tall purple TtPp X TtPp geno gametes TP, Tp, tP, tp X TP, Tp, tP, tp one piece of information about height and one piece of information about flower colour

TP Tp tP tp TP TTPP TTPp TtPP TtPp Tp TTPp TTpp TtPp Ttpp tP TtPP TtPp ttPP ttPp TtPp Ttpp ttPp tp ttpp

genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio there are 16 genotypes – 9 different ones! but there are only four phenotypes genotypic ratio phenotypic ratio T_ P_ tall and purple T_ pp tall and white tt P_ dwarf and purple ttpp dwarf and white we can group because TT = Tt and PP = Pp

TP Tp tP tp TTPP TTPp TtPP TtPp TTpp Ttpp ttPP ttPp ttpp 1 dwarf and white 3 dwarf and purple tall and purple tall and white 9 3

So the final ratios come out like this… T_ P_ T_ pp tt P_ ttpp genotypic ratio phenotypic ratio tall and purple tall and white dwarf and purple dwarf and white 9 3 3 1 1

Statement: The F2 ratios for height and flower colour in peas are shown above.

Practice Questions Tp tp TTpp Ttpp ttpp Two hybrid tall, white-flowered pea plants are crossed. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? genotypes: 25% TTpp 50% Ttpp 25% ttpp phenotypes: 75% tall, white-flowered 25% dwarf, white-flowered Ttpp x Ttpp Tp tp TTpp Ttpp ttpp

TP Tp TTPp TTpp tp TtPp Ttpp A pure tall, hybrid purple-flowered pea plant is crossed with a hybrid tall, white-flowered pea plant. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? TTPp x Ttpp genotypes: 25% TTPp 25% TTpp 25% TtPp 25% Ttpp phenotypes: 50% tall, purple-flowered 50% tall, white-flowered TP Tp TTPp TTpp tp TtPp Ttpp