IV. End of the war Legacy of the Great War

Essential Questions What were the reasons why United States joined the war? What ended the War? What was the Treaty of Versailles? What did the treaty do to Germany? What were the consequences of the War?

By 1917 War fatigue: Britain – bankrupt Germany – enlisting 15 yr. olds France – soldiers refuse to fight anymore Russia – drops out of the war

Russians fought the Germans in the Eastern Front. Poorly Equipped Poor Transportation Poor Commanding There will be a revolution in Russia

United States 1. French and the British had Democratic governments America’s neutrality Assisted the Democratic governments of the Allied powers during the war effort Supplied them with weapons Created propaganda against the central powers

United States 2. The Sinking of the Lusitania Many American citizens were on board the Lusitania. 120 Americans died when the boat was torpedoed by a German U-Boat

Imagine yourself lending a lot of money to your friend Imagine yourself lending a lot of money to your friend. And what would happen if your friend was to suddenly die? What’s going to happen to your money?

3. United States wanted to protect their interests in Europe

Read the Zimmerman Telegram. Summarize it’s contents. The last straw!!! 4. The Zimmerman telegram was intercepted by Great Britain on it’s way from Germany to Mexico. OA Read the Zimmerman Telegram. Summarize it’s contents.

The last straw!!! 4. The Zimmerman telegram: Germany asked Mexico to help fight the Americans In return Germany would award Mexico with Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona Americans were outraged. The U.S. declared war on Germany and it’s allies on April 2nd, 1917.

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points –

Wilson’s pitch to Congress President Wilson had a plan for post-war Europe called the Fourteen Points. Self-Determination A fair peace Disarmament Fair treatment of colonies Creation of the League of Nations No secret treaties Freedom of the Seas and Free trade

A Short Road Lies Ahead U.S. joins the Allies - 1917 Russia pulls out of the War due to a revolution and signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk When the last German offensive fails, Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down, and exiles himself to Netherlands The Armistice to end World War I was signed on November 11th, 1918. Armistice – is an agreement to stop fighting (truce)

The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 Armistice Day!!! The Armistice is Signed!

The Big four The Big Four (top Allied powers and their leaders) met at the Paris Peace Conference 1919. America's Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy

The Treaty of Versailles Britain and France didn’t like the U.S. plan, and The Treaty of Versailles was adopted instead. War Guilt Clause – Germany was responsible for starting the war! War Reparations – Payment for the damages of war $33 Billion (over 2 trillion dollars) Limited Military Loss of German territories German Colonies were given to France and Britain Alsace and Lorraine were given to France German territories were turned into Poland and Czechoslovakia Finish paying off the war reparations in 2010

Treaty of Versailles

The Legacy of the War Millions of casualties The war cost $33 billion. The fall of empires Creation of the League of Nations Japan & Italy felt cheated (entered war to get European colonies in Asia & Africa)…. would we ever hear from them again?

Millions of Casualties

Mobilized Dead Wounded Missing/PoW Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 Great Britain 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 France 8,410,000 1,375,800 4,266,000 537,000 Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 US 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,526 Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 Bulgaria 87,500 152,390 27,029 Japan 800,000 300 907 3 Rumania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 1914 1922 Erzerum 215,000 1,500 Van 197,000 500 Kharbert 204,000 35,000 Diarbekir 124,000 3,000 Bitlis 220,000 56,000 Sivas 225,000 16,800   Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000 European Turkey 194,000 163,000 Trapizond District 73,390 15,000 Total 2,133,190 387,800

Fear of national security from the Armenians led to a genocide -- systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group

International Organization Fight against aggressive nations The League of Nations International Organization Fight against aggressive nations Collective Security U.S. will not join this organization US Congress votes against joining

Fall of the Empires and creation of new independent states German Empire Austria Hungary Russian Empire Ottoman Empire

Great conqueors You can conquer on horseback but you cannot rule wi

Arabs although united by a language and heritage were not a nation The British had promised the Arabs self determination in return for their assistance in the war against the Ottomans. Arab Revolt

Mandate System However, after the War, the British and French divided up the former Ottoman territories. Syria and Lebanon became French Mandate Iraq and Palestine became British Mandate British will take the power of influence from Turkey to Saud family in Saudi Arabia today.

OA What helped the Allies win the War? What did Germany have to do because of the Treaty of Versailles? Do you think it was fair? What were some consequences of the War?

Map Activity Pg 373 Europe 1920 Label and color each of the countries Compare this map with the previous What differences do you see?