AUSTRALIAN ARMY CADETS RADIO OPERATORS COURSE CADET ADVANCED RADIO OPERATORS COURSE This presentation corresponds to Chapter 9 of the AAC CADET INSTRUCTOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK This course has been designed, written and developed by LTCOL(AAC) G.R. Newman-Martin, CSM, RFD ©LTCOL(AAC) G.R. NEWMAN-MARTIN, 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Topic 9 ©LTCOL(AAC) G.R. NEWMAN-MARTIN, 2011 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 2

PROCEDURES FOR BAD WORKING CONDITIONS This presentation refers to Chapter 9 of the Instructor Notes. This presentation will take two to three 40-minute periods of instruction to teach, depending on the class. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 2

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 FREE NET Under normal conditions once a net has been established it is FREE… ©LTCOL(AAC) G.R. NEWMAN-MARTIN, 2011 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 FREE NET Under normal conditions once a net has been established it is FREE… …and NCS will not usually intervene in communications between substations. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. NCS may order net to be DIRECTED. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. NCS may order net to be DIRECTED. After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. NCS may order net to be DIRECTED. After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered. NCS is the first to answer these offers. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. NCS may order net to be DIRECTED. After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered. NCS is the first to answer these offers. In directed net, NCS regulates all traffic on net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED NCS USES PROWORDS:

CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED NCS USES PROWORDS: THIS IS A DIRECTED NET © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED OR THIS IS A FREE NET © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT permission for this message to be sent © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUT substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT i.e. permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUT i.e. substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit THROUGH ME NCS assumes responsibility for relaying message © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT i.e. permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUT i.e. substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit THROUGH ME i.e. NCS assumes responsibility for relaying message RELAY THROUGH….. – OUT NCS directs originating substation to relay through another station © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLES OF DIRECTED NET PROCEDURE © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13, 14   11   13     0A   12   14   © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

Senders in this example are 11 and 0A SEND YOUR….. – OUT   11   13     0A 12   14   Senders in this example are 11 and 0A

…but 11 is trying to send a message to 13 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT   11   13     0A 12   14   …but 11 is trying to send a message to 13

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER” 11 now sends message: “(13) - (THIS IS) 11 - Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE - OVER [or OUT]” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER” 11 now sends message: “(13) - (THIS IS) 11 - Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE - OVER [or OUT]” At this stage 13 would reply to 11. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Example – WAIT OUT © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12 Example – WAIT OUT Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12 11   12   0A   © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

Senders in this example are 11, 0A, 12 Example – WAIT OUT 11   12   0A   Senders in this example are 11, 0A, 12 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first. As there is more urgent traffic to be passed, the NCS decides that 11 will have to wait. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first. As there is more urgent traffic to be passed, the NCS decides that 11 will have to wait. NCS transmits: “(11) - (THIS IS) - 0A - WAIT OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT” 11 sends the message: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT” 11 sends the message: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” 12 replies: “(11) - (THIS IS) 12 - (SEND) – OVER” …..etc © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

THROUGH ME TYPES OF CALLS Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13, 14 11   13     0A   12   14   © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 24

THROUGH ME TYPES OF CALLS Senders in this example are: 11   13     0A   12   14   Senders in this example are: 11, 13 and NCS (0A) © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 24

All stations can hear each other, but 11 and 13 are having difficulty TYPES OF CALLS THROUGH ME All stations can hear each other, but 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 24

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself: NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – THROUGH ME – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself: NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – THROUGH ME – OVER” 11 now gives the message to NCS for 13. “(13) – (THIS IS) 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through: NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER” 13 gives receipt: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER” 13 gives receipt: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT” 0A ends: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11   13     0A 12   Net comprises NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11   13     0A At first all stations can hear each other, but in 12   this example it is found that 11 and 12 cannot hear each other © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As it is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As it is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As this is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: [There is no reply from 12.] 11 again attempts to contact 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As this is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: [There is no reply from 12.] 11 again attempts to contact 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – OVER” [Still no reply from 12.] NCS directs that call be relayed through another station. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER” 12 asks 13 to send message: “(13) – (THIS IS) 12 – (SEND) – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER” 12 asks 13 to send message: “(13) – (THIS IS) 12 – (SEND) – OVER” Having established communications with 13, 12 tells 13 to wait, and asks 11 to provide the message: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 12 acknowledges receipt of message: “(13) – (THIS IS) (12) – (ROGER) – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 12 acknowledges receipt of message: “(13) – (THIS IS) (12) – (ROGER) – OVER” 13 ends: “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 2. Mission. DELEGATING, ASSUMING and RESUMING CONTROL Needs to be brief and to the point. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or NCS has to leave net for any reason. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or NCS has to leave net for any reason. NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or NCS has to leave net for any reason. NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control. New acting NCS then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK, using callsign ‘Zero’ for this and all subsequent transmissions. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

DELEGATING CONTROL NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when: effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or NCS has to leave net for any reason. NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control. New acting NCS then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK, using callsign ‘Zero’ for this and all subsequent transmissions. Original NCS still answers with callsign ‘Zero Alfa’.

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – DELEGATING CONTROL Net comprises NCS (0A), 10, 11, 12 and 13 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL 10   12   0A   11   13   Net callsign is XQ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’ 13 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 13 – ROGER –OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’ 13 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 13 – ROGER –OVER’ New acting NCS (in this case, 12), now with callsign ‘Zero’, then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK ….etc © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: another pre-arranged substation or next most senior substation on the net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: another pre-arranged substation or next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: another pre-arranged substation or next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. If necessary senior substation may delegate control to another substation which would have more effective control of the net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

ASSUMING CONTROL If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: another pre-arranged substation or next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. If necessary senior substation may delegate control to another substation which would have more effective control of the net. Assume control using the proword I AM ASSUMING CONTROL

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Stations on net: NCS (0A), 10, 11, 12, 13 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10   12   0A   11   13   Net callsign is XR © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Nothing has been heard from NCS for some time © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Substation 10 decides to assume control of net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alfa – OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. All stations answer, in turn: ‘[callsign] - NO – OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. All stations answer, in turn: ‘[callsign] - NO – OVER’ NCS does not answer 5 seconds again pause for NCS to answer, if able – but NCS does not answer © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 transmits to net: ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 transmits to net: ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 10 transmits to net: ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. All stations reply, in turn: ‘[callsign] - (ROGER) - OUT’ © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RESUMING CONTROL © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER” In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER” In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. All stations reply in turn: “[callsign] – (ROGER) – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message: ·         was correct or ·         was received correctly © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message: ·         was correct or ·         was received correctly Use proword READ BACK, then specify part concerned, e.g.: ·         READ BACK TEXT ·         READ BACK GRID, etc. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message: ·         was correct or ·         was received correctly Use proword READ BACK, then specify part concerned, e.g.: ·         READ BACK TEXT ·         READ BACK GRID, etc. ‘READ BACK’ on its own means ‘read back complete transmission’

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order. When reading back, use proword ‘I READ BACK’. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order. When reading back, use proword ‘I READ BACK’. Sending station verifies with proword CORRECT, or if not correct, by proword WRONG. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE Conversation between NCS (0A) and 10 © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly. NCS calls: “10 THIS IS 0A – READ BACK checkpoint – Proceed to checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly. NCS calls: “10 THIS IS 0A – READ BACK checkpoint – Proceed to checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies – note it has not heard correctly: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO XRAY – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies again: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies again: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 0A verifies: “(10) – (THIS IS) 0A – CORRECT – OUT” © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. If such orders are given by NCS, transmission is authenticated by use of pre-arranged restricted nicknames, which mean: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. If such orders are given by NCS, transmission is authenticated by use of pre-arranged restricted nicknames, which mean: ·     IMPOSE RADIO SILENCE, ·     LIFT RADIO SILENCE or ·     BREAK RADIO SILENCE.

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. A station which is NOT NCS may break radio silence only in emergency, using a pre-arranged nickname. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. A station which is NOT NCS may break radio silence only in emergency, using a pre-arranged nickname. The only other authority for lifting or breaking radio silence is an authentication code. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for: ·         transmission security, or ·         technical reasons, or ·         emergency © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for: ·         transmission security, or ·         technical reasons, or ·         emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for: ·         transmission security, or ·         technical reasons, or ·         emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for: ·         transmission security, or ·         technical reasons, or ·         emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs. Only NCS may give the order to impose emergency silence, using prowords ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’, © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for: ·         transmission security, or ·         technical reasons, or ·         emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs. Only NCS may give the order to impose emergency silence, using prowords ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’, meaning ‘Cease transmission on this net immediately – silence is to be maintained until lifted’. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Transmission imposing emergency silence is made twice and ends with proword OUT. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Transmission imposing emergency silence is made twice and ends with proword OUT. Transmissions which impose lifting or breaking radio silence must always be authenticated. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE . Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case: © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE . Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case: ·    either senior sub-station challenges NCS with an authentication challenge, OR © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case: ·    either senior sub-station challenges NCS with an authentication challenge, OR ·    authentication is achieved by use of pre-arranged code-word. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING THE OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons. Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons. Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net. This is done by using the pre-arranged nickname or frequency. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons. Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net. This is done by using the pre-arranged nickname or frequency. Nickname means: ·   CHANGE TO ALTERNATE FREQUENCY, or ·   CHANGE TO PRIMARY FREQUENCY. but these words are not used, only nicknames © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY: ·  sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname, © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY: ·   sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname ·   NCS must transmit again, saying nickname again (as executive order to enforce frequency change), and © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY: ·   sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname, & ·   NCS must transmit again, saying nickname again (as executive order to enforce frequency change), and ·   NCS may order one sub-station to new frequency to ensure it is workable. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT: ·    under emergency circumstances, © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT: ·    under emergency circumstances, ·  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered), © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT: ·    under emergency circumstances, ·  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered), ·   if absolutely necessary, when enforcing emergency silence, © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT: ·    under emergency circumstances, ·  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered), ·   if absolutely necessary, when enforcing emergency silence, ·   when frequencies are being changed daily and no nicknames or frequency designators have been allocated. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE: NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE: NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations. ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE: NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations. ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms. If contact re-established, order to change frequency is tried again. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE: NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations. ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms. If contact re-established, order to change frequency is tried again. If this fails, NCS’ supervisor will decide on further action. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011

© LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 QUESTIONS???? © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011