Rapid recruitment of CD14+ monocytes in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in human subjects Ibon Eguíluz-Gracia, MD, Anthony Bosco, PhD, Ralph.

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Presentation transcript:

Rapid recruitment of CD14+ monocytes in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis in human subjects Ibon Eguíluz-Gracia, MD, Anthony Bosco, PhD, Ralph Dollner, MD, PhD, Guro Reinholt Melum, MD, PhD, Maria H. Lexberg, PhD, Anya C. Jones, PhD, Sinan Ahmed Dheyauldeen, MD, Patrick G. Holt, PhD, Espen S. Bækkevold, PhD, Frode Lars Jahnsen, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 137, Issue 6, Pages 1872-1881.e12 (June 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025 Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 CD14+HLA-DR+ cells accumulate in challenged nasal mucosa from allergic patients earlier than CD1a+HLA-DR+ cells (cohort I). A, Density of CD14+HLA-DR+ cells at baseline and after 3 and 8 days of challenge (left) and immunofluorescence staining of HLA-DR and CD14 (right). B, Density of CD1a+HLA-DR+ cells at baseline and after 3 and 8 days of allergen challenge (left) and immunofluorescence staining of HLA-DR and CD1a (right). **P < .01 and ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Monocyte numbers increase in nasal mucosa of allergic patients 12 hours after challenge, whereas numbers of tissue macrophages are unchanged (cohort II). A-C, Density of CD14+ cells, CD14+DC-SIGN− monocytes, and CD14+DC-SIGN+ macrophages at baseline and 4 hours after challenge in allergic patients (Fig 2, A), 12 hours after challenge in allergic patients (Fig 2, B), and 12 hours after challenge in control subjects (Fig 2, C). D, Immunofluorescence staining of CD14 and DC-SIGN. In Fig 2, A and B, gray symbols represent patients analyzed at all 3 time points (baseline and 4 and 12 hours), whereas black symbols represent patients examined only at 2 time points (baseline and either 4 or 12 hours). **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Molecular interaction network in TOPRO-1−CD19−CD3−CD45+HLA-DR+ cells after allergen (cohort III). Mechanistic data from previous studies was used to build a molecular interaction network. For clarity, the figure illustrates genes downstream of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Genes are shown according to their cellular compartmental location (nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and extracellular space). Genes colored red were upregulated, and genes colored green were downregulated. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 CD1b+HLA-DR+ cells accumulate in the nasal mucosa from allergic patients after 8 days of challenge (cohort I). Left, Density of CD1b+HLA-DR+ cells at baseline and after 3 and 8 days of allergen challenge. Right, Immunofluorescence staining of CD1b and HLA-DR. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Numbers of newly recruited CD4+ T-cells increase in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients after 3 days of challenge (cohort I). A-C, Density of CD4+ T cells (Fig 5, A), proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing L-selectin (Fig 5, B), and density of CD8+ T cells (Fig 5, C) at baseline and after 3 and 8 days of challenge. D, Fluorescence immune staining of CD8, CD3, and L-selectin. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 The proportion of TH2 cells is increased in the allergen-challenged nasal mucosa (cohort IV). A, Proportion of GATA3+ cells among CD4+ T cells at baseline and after 2 consecutive days of allergen challenge. B, Immunofluorescence staining of CD3 and GATA3. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Nasal provocation protocols of the 4 cohorts included in the study. A, Cohort I; B, cohort II; C, cohort III; and D, cohort IV. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 Gating procedure and purity analysis of sorted cells (cohort III). Within the cells released by means of Liberase TL digestion, a gate was first set to include cells expressing CD45 but exclude CD19+ cells and the dead cell discriminator TOPRO-1. Within this population, APCs were gated as HLA-DR+CD3− cells (A). Analysis of sorted APCs consistently revealed purities of greater than 94% (B). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 All nasal provocation protocols induced typical allergic symptoms in challenged patients. A, Symptom score from patients in cohort I. B, Visual analog scale from patients in cohort III. C, Visual analog scale from patients in cohort IV. The median of patient symptoms for each day is represented for the 3 examined parameters. D, Symptom score for each of the 3 examined parameters 15 minutes after allergen challenge in subjects from cohort II. In cohort II symptom scores for all the subjects at baseline was 0 for the 3 examined parameters. *P < .05 and ***P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E4 All provocation protocols induced accumulation of mucosal eosinophils in challenged patients but not in nonatopic control subjects. A, Density of eosinophils at baseline and after 3 and 8 days of challenge in patients from cohort I. B, Density of eosinophils at baseline and after 2 days of challenge in patients from cohort IV. C, Density of eosinophils at baseline and 4 and 12 hours after challenge in patients (left) and control subjects (right) from cohort II. *P < .05 and **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E5 DC-SIGN is expressed on nasal mucosal macrophages but not blood monocytes. Representative dot plots show staining for CD14 and DC-SIGN on PBMCs (A) and cells released from nasal mucosal specimens (B) after enzyme digestion. Cells were pregated as live cells expressing CD45 and HLA-DR. The percentage of CD45+HLA-DR+ cells positive or negative for DC-SIGN and/or CD14 are given. Figures are representative of 3 donors. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E6 Treatment with pollen extracts does not affect DC-SIGN expression in moDCs, as assessed by using flow cytometry: orange, Betula verrucosa (birch); blue, Phleum pratense (timothy grass); red, untreated cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E7 Density of pDCs does not increase in the nasal mucosa during the first hours after allergen challenge (cohort II). Density of CD123+CD45RA+ cells at baseline and 4 and 12 hours after challenge in allergic patients. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E8 Identification of differentially expressed genes in TOPRO-1−CD19−CD3−CD45+HLA-DR+ cells after in vivo challenge (cohort III). Data are plotted as a volcano plot along axes of differential expression magnitude (log2 fold change) and versus the moderated t statistic. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 137, 1872-1881.e12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.025) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions