ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S T E N T H E D I T I O N © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Define the key biographical characteristics. Identify two types of ability. Shape the behavior of others. Distinguish between the four schedules of reinforcement. Clarify the role of punishment in learning. Practice self-management Exhibit effective discipline skills. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Biographical Characteristics © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Ability © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Dimensions of Intellectual Ability Number aptitude Verbal comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Spatial visualization Memory E X H I B I T 2-1 © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Physical Ability © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Nine Physical Abilities Strength Factors Dynamic strength Trunk strength Static strength Explosive strength Flexibility Factors Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility Other Factors Body coordination Balance Stamina E X H I B I T 2-2 © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Job’s Ability Requirements The Ability-Job Fit Ability-Job Fit Employee’s Abilities Job’s Ability Requirements © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Learning Involves change Is relatively permanent Is acquired through experience © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Learning Key Concepts Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned response © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior Reinforcement © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Attention processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Key Concepts Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence. © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Schedules of Reinforcement © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Schedules of Reinforcement Fixed-ratio 2-4 E X H I B I T © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement 2-5a E X H I B I T © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d) 2-5b E X H I B I T © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Behavior Modification Problem-solving Model Identify critical behaviors Develop baseline data Identify behavioral consequences Apply intervention Evaluate performance improvement © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

OB MOD Organizational Applications Well Pay versus Sick Pay Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not absence. Employee Discipline The use of punishment can be counter-productive. Developing Training Programs OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness. Self-management Reduces the need for external management control. © 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.