Articulations “joints”.

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Presentation transcript:

Articulations “joints”

Classification of Joints Structural- named according to type of connective tissue that binds them Functional- divided into three groups based on mobility

Structural Classification Synarthroses (Fibrous joints) Allow for limited movement or immovable Ex- teeth in jaw, skull sutures Amphiarthroses (Cartilaginous joints) Bones are joined by cartilage, limited movement Ex- ribs and sternum, symphysis pubis Diarthroses (Synovial joints) Most mobile and numerous Ex- shoulder, knee

Structure of Synovial Joints Joint capsule- sleevelike projection periosteum, encases both ends of the bones Synovial membrane- slippery surface that lines inner surface of joint capsule Menisci (articular disks)- pads of fibrocartialge that divide joint cavity in two Ligaments- connect bone together, white fibrous tissue Bursae- sacs like cavities filled with synovial fluid, cushions joints

Structure of Synovial Joint

Uniaxial joints Movement around one axis Hinge Joint Spool shaped process fits into concave socket Ex- elbow joint Pivot Arch shaped process that fits around peglike process Ex- joint between 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae

Uniaxial joints Movement around one axis Hinge Joint Pivot

Biaxial Around two axes Saddle Saddle shaped bone that fits into socket Ex- thumb, only saddle joint in body Ellipsoidal (condyloid) Oval condyle fits into elliptical socket Ex- wrist

Biaxial Around two axes Saddle Ellipsoidal(condyloid)

Multiaxial Around three+ axes Ball and Socket Ball shaped process fits into concave socket Ex- shoulder and hip joint Gliding Relatively flat articulating surface Ex- vertebrae, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular

Multiaxial Around three+ axes Ball and Socket Gliding

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Angular Movements- These change the size of the angle between two articulating bones. Flexion- decrease size of the angle between articulating bones. Extension-straightening movement that return bones to anatomical position Hyperextension- extending bones past anatomical position

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Angular Movements Abduction- movement away from medial plane Adduction- movement toward medial plane

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Circular movements- arc like rotation Pronation- turns palm side down Supination- turns palm side up

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Circular Movements Rotation- pivoting a bone on its axis Circumduction- moves distal end of bone in circle

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Gliding Movements- movement across articular surfaces with out a change in angle Seen in between carpals, tarsals and vertebrae

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Special Movements- unique or unusual

Joint Range of Motion Joint Range of Motion Special Movements- unique or unusual

Inflammatory disease of the connective tissue of the joints Arthritis Arthritis Inflammatory disease of the connective tissue of the joints Causes destruction of bone and cartilage, crippling and deformity of the bones Thought to be of autoimmune nature