The Catholic Reformation

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Presentation transcript:

The Catholic Reformation

The Status of the Church Incredible wealth, power Land ownership (30% of Europe) Political influence over monarchs Europe is almost entirely Catholic Focused on art, status St. Peter’s Basilica Began to violate doctrine

Impact of the Reformation Martin Luther wanted reform Pope Paul III (pope from 1534-1549) begins efforts to reform Church Appointed new officials Enforced moral codes Created new religious orders ***Martin Luther succeeded on two levels***

The Council of Trent Catholic response to Protestant Reformation Reaffirmed Catholic doctrine Salvation through faith AND good works 7, not 2 Sacraments Preserved Latin, Status of Papacy Rejected belief in supremacy of Bible Equal weight to scripture and teachings Reformed Church Abuses No more indulgences No sale of church offices (simony)

The Jesuits Society of Jesus Founded Catholic schools Emerged from Catholic reforms Formed by Ignatius Loyola Originates in Spain Founded Catholic schools Performed Missionary work Americas, Asia Combated spread of Protestantism

The Witchcraft Craze in Europe

Reasons… Reformation creates fanaticism Women (sorry ladies ) Stressed great powers of the Devil Reinforced belief in witchcraft Women (sorry ladies ) Were believed to be weak More likely to succumb to devilish temptations Religious wars created social/economic stress Little Ice Age Temperatures were dropping, crops were freezing Older women became scapegoats

Witchcraft Persecutions During 1500s-1600s 100K-200K tried All across Europe 40K-80K executed More tortured Catholics and Protestants were equally serious

The Decline of Witchcraft Religious wars end Restore social stability New concept of Supreme God Devil became less of a threat Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Reason, rationality Helped end superstitions, etc.