In-Class Review Chapters 25-30

Chapter 25: European Imperialism New Imperialism- more control over vast territories Three main motivations Economic Rivalries Racism  White Man’s Burden

Chapter 25: European Imperialism Indirect Rule Direct Rule Local rulers kept authority Less expensive Less influence on native cultures Local rulers replaced by European officials More expensive More influence on native cultures

Chapter 25: European Imperialism Britain Controlled Burma and Indonesia France French Indochina U.S. Spanish-American War Received Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Samoa

Chapter 25: European Imperialism North Africa Central Africa Egypt modernized military Suez Canal taken over by Great Britain Belgian Congo Large amounts of rubber and gold East Africa South Africa Berlin Conference: Settled conflicting claims to African territory Organized by Bismarck Boer War between Dutch and Britain Britain now dominates South Africa

Chapter 26: Imperialism in Asia Opium Wars Britain ships opium into China (imports > exports) China closes borders; leads to war Result: China forced to open up to European trade and influence Open Door Policy Europeans respects each others trade privileges Reduce restrictions on foreign imports

Chapter 26: Imperialism in Asia Meiji Restoration Japan modernizes after being forced to open trade with U.S. Political: Parliament; prime minister has real power Economic: Industrialization; government subsidizes businesses Military: Forced draft; more modern weapons Defeated both China and Russia Began expansion into China

Chapter 27: WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Austria-Hungary Germany Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism 2nd 1st 5th Serbia Great Britain 4th 3rd Russia France

Chapter 27: WWI Western Front Eastern Front Stalemate (less mobile) Trench Warfare No Man’s Land U.S. Involvement (1917) German U-boat attacks Fewer trenches  more mobility Russia suffers huge casualties (not prepared for war)

Chapter 27: Russian Revolution Famine and high casualties  Russian Revolution Czar loses power New government still terrible Rise of Bolshevik Party (led by Lenin) Russian Civil War fought with non-communists in Russia

Germany (and Austria) almost completely to blame Chapter 27: WWI End of the War Wilson’s 14 points Treaty of Versailles “War Guilt Clause” Self-determination League of Nations Germany (and Austria) almost completely to blame

Chapter 28-30: World War II Totalitarianism: Complete control over lives of citizens Single political party Control over economy Secret police Censorship of media Propaganda Use of violence Characteristics

Chapter 28-30: World War II Fascism Communism Extreme nationalism Wealthy allowed to own businesses War and violence Examples: Nazi Germany Italy under Mussolini International revolution Complete control of economy Collectivization- state control of peasant farms Example: Soviet Union (Russia)

Chapter 28-30: World War II German Timeline Hitler becomes chancellor 1933 1934 1935 1936 Hitler becomes chancellor Hitler passes Anti-Semitic laws (Nuremburg Laws) Hitler invades the Rhineland Hitler annexes Austria Sep. 1939 1939 1938 1938 Hitler invades the Poland; WWII begins German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Munich Conference Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

Chapter 28-30: World War II German Timeline 1940 1940 1941 1943 Germany invades and defeats France Battle of Britain Germany’s failed invasion of Russia Battle of Stalingrad May 1945 1945 June 1944 1943-44 Battle of Berlin; Germany surrenders Battle of the Bulge D-Day Invasion Italy defeated; Rome taken by Allies

Chapter 28-30: World War II Japanese Timeline Japan invades Manchuria 1933 1936-1945 1940 1941 Japan invades Manchuria 2nd Sino-Japanese War Japan invades SE Asia; US sanctions oil and iron Japanese attack Pearl Harbor Aug. 1945 1945 1942-1945 1942 A-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa Island-hopping campaign in Pacific Battle of Midway (turning point)

Chapter 28-30: World War II End of the War Germany divided between major powers E. Europe under Soviet influence Nuremburg Trials Beginning of the Cold War (US vs. USSR)