The Progressive Era Focus Questions: What were the reasons the progressive movement began? What were the different themes of progressivism? Describe the different elements of those themes. Be able to identify the three progressive presidents and their policies. Analyze progressive legislation. The purpose of the focus questions is to help students find larger themes and structures to bring the historical evidence, events, and examples together for a connected thematic purpose. As we go through each portion of this lecture, you may want to keep in mind how the information relates to this larger thematic question. Here are some suggestions: write the focus question in the left or right margin on your notes and as we go through, either mark areas of your notes for you to come back to later and think about the connection OR as you review your notes later (to fill in anything else you remember from the lecture or your thoughts during the lecture or additional information from the readings), write small phrases from the lecture and readings that connect that information to each focus question AND/OR are examples that work together to answer the focus question.

The Progressive Era 1890-1920 The middle class take their cue from the Populists to correct political and economic injustices. The Progressive Era

Roots of Progressivism 1890’s Depression Roots of Progressivism Populism Roosevelt’s Ascension to the Presidency The ills of the Gilded Age Mugwumps Muckrakers

Themes of progressivism 17th Amendment 1. Political Reform 19th Amendment Direct Primaries Initiative, Referendum and Recall

2. Efficiency in business and government Pendleton Act 3. Regulation of giant corporations Clayton Anti-Trust Act

4. Social reform Child Labor Women's Labor 18th Amendment

Social Reformers Ida B. Wells—African American woman who organized an anti-lynching movement. W.E.B. DuBois—wanted education for blacks and founded Nat’l Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Booker T. Washington— preached for immediate, forceful equality.

Roosevelt’s Progressivism: “Square Deal” ●Three Elements ●Trust regulation *Northern Securities case, 1904 ●Coal strike of 1902 ●Election of 1904

Reforms in second term ●Regulation of food and drugs ●TR’s conservation movement

Famous Muckrakers Jacob Riis— photographed urban conditions in How the Other Half Lives. Upton Sinclair— described unsanitary meat- packing conditions in The Jungle.

Taft’s Progressivism: 1908-1912 ●Election of 1908 ●Taft’s Background ●Taft’s progressivism

Election of 1912 ●The Campaign ●Significance of the election

Wilson’s Progressivism ●Wilson’s background

Wilsonian reform ●Tariff Reform and the 16th Amendment ●Federal Reserve Act of 1913 ●Efforts for new anti-trust laws