Cell Theory Cilia

Cell Theory All organisms are made of one or more cells. A cell is the smallest unit of life, that carries out all 6 life processes. All cells come from other cells. Cilia

Cell Structures and Function Cells contain specialized structures that carry out the 6 life processes. These structures are called organelles. Most cells have the same basic organelles: cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus nuclear envelope (membrane) Two general types of cells: animal cell plant cell

How are cells like an egg? cell membrane Analogy: shell = egg white = yolk = yolk sac = cytoplasm nucleus nuclear envelope

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Plasma membrane Function: controls what enters and leaves the cell; protection; shape Animal Plant  

Cytoplasm Function: jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and supports the organelles; shape Animal Plant  

Nucleus Function: controls the cell like a brain; contains chromosomes (DNA) Animal Plant  

Nuclear envelope (membrane) Function: controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Animal Plant  

Mitochondria Function: changes chemicals into energy; “powerhouse” of the cell Animal Plant  

Function: makes proteins for the cell Animal Plant Ribosomes Function: makes proteins for the cell Animal Plant  

Endoplasmic reticulum Function: tube-like transport system; “subway” of the cell; smooth and rough Animal Plant  

Golgi apparatus Function: packages and sends out proteins; “UPS” of the cell Animal Plant  

Vacuole Function: stores water, food, and waste for the cell; much larger in plant cells Animal Plant  

Cell wall Function: surrounds the cell membrane of the plant cell; provides support and shape Animal Plant NO 

Chloroplast Function: turns light energy into chemical energy in a plant cell Animal Plant NO 

Lysosome Function: stores digestive enzymes for the cell to break down food Animal Plant  

Function: aides in cell division in animal cells Animal Plant Centrioles Function: aides in cell division in animal cells Animal Plant  NO