WORD OF THE DAY extant

Phylum Porifera (“pore bearer”) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera (“pore bearer”) Class: Calcarea Class: Hexactinellida Class: Demospongia Class: Homoscleromorpha Cellular level of organization specialized cells no tissues, no organs, etc. Skeleton spicules and spongin

The Cambrian Explosion

Structure of Sponges

A. Choanocytes B. Pinacoderm C. Spicules D. Flagellated Chambers C B A D

Choanocytes (aka Collar Cells)

calcium carbonate Sponge Skeletons silica protein (spongin)

Types of Canal Systems Asconoid Syconoid Leuconoid Flagellated spongocoel Syconoid Flagellated canals Leuconoid Flagellated chambers

Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual SEXUAL (monoecious) sperm & oocytes  parenchymula larva

Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual SEXUAL (monoecious) sperm + oocytes  parenchymula larva ASEXUAL external budding archaeocytes  gemmules

PORIFERA Class Calcarea calcium spicules ascon, sycon or leucon

Grantia (a.k.a. Scypha)

PORIFERA Class Hexactinellida siliceous spicules sycon or leucon trabecular reticulum Euplectella Venus’ Flower Basket

PORIFERA Class Demospongiae siliceous spicules or spongin or both leuconoid Fire sponge

Class Demospongiae Yellow tube sponge Green rope sponge

Class Demospongiae Blue Jacket sponge Red encrusting sponge

Boring or Sulfur Sponge Class Demospongiae Red Beard Sponge Boring or Sulfur Sponge

PORIFERA Class Homoscleromorpha few, simple siliceous spicules or none at all pinacoderm resembles a true tissue epithelium

Adaptive Diversification Asbestopluma hypogea

Adaptive Diversification Chondrocladia lampadiglobus Chondrocladia lyra