Introduction of Biotechnology Pre-AP Biology

Bellwork What does Biotechnology mean to you? Do you know of any products that were produced by Biotechnology?

Objectives Define Biotechnology Define restriction enzyme Property of CTE Joint Venture 12/9/2018 Objectives Define Biotechnology Define restriction enzyme Explain how restriction enzymes work

Terminology Restriction enzyme Restriction site Palindrome sequence Property of CTE Joint Venture 12/9/2018 Terminology Restriction enzyme Restriction site Palindrome sequence Sticky end Blunt end Restriction fragments

Definition of Biotechnology The study and manipulation of living things for the purpose of making products that benefit society

PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 Think-Pair-Share On the following slide you will watch a video describing advances in Biotechnology. While you are watching the video, write down some key products produced by this industry. Be ready to share 3. Think-pair-share teacher presents a question teacher gives wait time for student to form answer teacher instructs students to share their answer with a partner teacher calls on non-volunteers to share with the class PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 3

Biotechnology Video Biotechnology: A New Frontier

Significance of Basic Molecular Biology Discovery of DNA as the genetic code Understanding the processes involved in going from DNARNAProtein Allowed us to develop molecular tools for manipulating DNA for advancements in medical science Agriculture food industry

As Biotechnology developed, several molecular tools were created Two main tools are Restriction enzymes Agarose gel electrophoresis

Introductory Activity Property of CTE Joint Venture 12/9/2018 Introductory Activity Read excerpt and underline the letters to every time it appears in the text. Draw a vertical line after the t. The vertical line represents a cut site. If you were to cut at that cut site with scissors, how many text fragments would you have? Write the number in the designated spot on the note-taker.

Restriction Enzymes Cut at specific sites along the DNA Each enzyme recognizes a unique cut site Reflect: How are restriction enzymes like the scissors in the introductory activity? 12/9/2018

Where are restriction enzymes found in nature? Proteins found in bacteria Protect bacteria against DNA from invading organisms including viruses or other bacteria Protect the bacteria by cutting the foreign DNA http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x3747422/e_coli_bacterium 12/9/2018

Characteristics of the Restriction Site Four to six nucleotides in length Symmetrical meaning the sequence for both strands are the same when read in 5’ to 3’ direction Palindromic Sequence Due to symmetry 3’ 5’ 3’ 5’ http://www.macroevolution.net/images/ecori-restriction-enzyme-recognition-site.svg.png 12/9/2018

Two Types of Cut Sites Blunt End restriction enzyme cuts the two strands of DNA such that the ends are even across both strands http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/enzymes/smacut.gif 12/9/2018

Two types of Cut Sites Sticky Ends restriction enzyme cuts the two strands in a staggered way This results in one end of DNA being single-stranded and overhangs the other strand http://library.thinkquest.org/C0118084/GM/Gene_splicing/Restriction_Enzymes.htm 12/9/2018

PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 Paraphrase Identify at least two key points in your notes about: restriction site Summarize your key points in your own words! 6. Paraphrase student writes down one or two main ideas directly from the text or notes student now paraphrases these ideas in their own words teacher provides feedback PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 6 PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010

Restriction Fragment DNA after cut with restriction enzymes 12/9/2018 Restriction Fragment DNA after cut with restriction enzymes Fragments created differ in size depending on where the restriction site is located The size of the fragment is defined by the number of paired nucleotides along the fragment

Determination of Fragment Size 12/9/2018 Determination of Fragment Size Can be determined by conducting agarose gel electrophoresis Compare the DNA Fragments to known standards after they migrate in the gel under an electrical current and are stained. What is the size of fragment in lane 2?

PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 20 Word Summary 48 37 18 21 14 13 23 In 20 words or less, summarize the most important aspects from today's lesson. 26. 12 Word Summary in 12 words or less, summarize the most important aspects from today's lesson teacher uses a strategy to check all PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 19