Cellular respiration and energy storage What are anabolic and catabolic processes?? Catabolism: The process of breaking down compounds into small molecules to release energy. Anabolism: The process of synthesizing large molecules such as proteins and fats to store energy. Metabolism: The sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes.

The first law of thermodynamics applied to Glycolysis The total energy in the Universe is constant Energy is stored in glucose As bonds are broke energy is release and transferred into ATP, NADH and pyruvate A large portion is transferred into heat

The second law of thermodynamics applied to Glycolysis The entropy of the universe increases with any change that occurs. Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder in energy in a collection of objects. Applied to glycolysis: As glucose is broken down, entropy is increased and energy is released (1 glucose is broken into many smaller molecules CO2 + H20)

Electron Carriers: Two Electron Carriers : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) NAD+ + H+ + 2e-  NADH (reduced) Carries 2 energized electrons and travels to the electron transport chain to produce ATP Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) * NOTE : REALLY FAD++, FADH+, FADH2 FAD + 2H+ + 2e-  FADH2 (reduced) Carries 2 energetic electrons and travels to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.

Rubix cube analogy

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