Chapter 15 and 16 Review

Question What did Darwin observe when he visited the Galapagos Islands?

Answer He observed similar species on each island who had traits suited to their particular environments.

Question What was the structural adaptation of the finches that Darwin observed?

Answer They had different shaped beaks.

Question What did Darwin wonder after seeing the finches and the tortoises on the Galapagos Islands?

Answer He wondered if they had originated from the same ancestral species.

Question After Darwin observed the different species and their locations, he came up with what theory?

Answer The theory of evolution.

Question What did James Hutton and Charles Lyell conclude?

Answer The earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.

Question Lamarck hypothesized that new organs in a species occur as the result of………?

Answer Use or nonuse of body structures

Question Who wrote “On the Origin of Species”, and when was it published?

Answer Darwin-1859

Question Why do some individuals of a species tend to survive better than others?

Answer Survival of the fittest-they have variations that are best suited to the environment.

Question Explain the theory of evolution.

Answer It states that species change over time.

Question Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on what two things?

Answer Natural selection and heritable variation

Question What is a gene pool?

Answer All of the genes of a particular population.

Question The sum frequency of all alleles for a trait is equal to what percentage?

Answer 100%

Question What are two sources of gene variations?

Answer Gene shuffling mutations

Question A single-gene trait that has two alleles will have how many phenotypes?

Answer 2

Question What is a polygenic trait?

Answer It is a trait that has many genotypes and phenotypes.

Question What is genetic equilibrium?

Answer It is where the allele frequencies of a population remain constant.

Question What is geographic isolation?

Answer It is where populations are separated by barriers like rivers, and mountains.

Question What is an example of behavioral isolations?

Answer Two bird species that will not mate because of different songs to attract mates.

Question What is the difference between natural and artificial selection?

Answer Natural selection occurs randomly or naturally in the environment. Artificial selection occurs when humans select the variations.

Question What is fitness?

Answer The ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

Question What is descent with modification?

Answer It states that species today look a lot different than their ancestors.

Question What is temporal isolation?

Answer It is where two or more species reproduce at different times.

Question What type of population would most likely remain in genetic equilibrium?

Answer A population where there are identical organisms because no individual would have a significant advantage in survival or reproduction.

Question What is the Hardy-Weinburg principle?

Answer Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change.

Question Under what 5 conditions does the Hardy-Weinberg principle hold?

Answer Random mating The population is very large No movement into or out of the population No mutations No natural selection