INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURAL UNITS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURAL UNITS

Anatomy and Physiology Studies the shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one part to another Physiology the function of each body part © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Branches of Anatomy Gross Anatomy Study of large and easily observable structures Done through dissection Microscopic Anatomy Performed with a microscope 2 Branches Cytology-cells Histology-tissues and organs © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Developmental Anatomy Growth and development during a lifecycle Comparative Anatomy Comparing humans to animals Systematic Anatomy Study of the structure and function of various organs and organ systems © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Anatomical Terms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvHWnJwBkmo © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Left and Right in Anatomy Refers to the figures Left or Right not “your” left and Right So the figures left and Right is going to be opposite of your own. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Terms Referring to Location or Position and Direction Anterior or ventral (means front) Posterior or dorsal (means back) Cranial (skull end) and caudal (tail end) Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Terms Referring to Location or Position and Direction Medial (towards the middle) and lateral (away from) Proximal (toward the point of attachment to the body) and distal (away from the point of attachment) Superficial or external (on or near the surface of the body) Deep or internal (the internal body) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Terms Referring to Body Planes and Sections (imaginary lines that divide body structures) Sagittal plane (divides into right and left) Coronal (frontal) plane (divides into anterior and posterior) Transverse plane (horizonal cut that divides into upper and lower parts) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Terms Referring to Cavities of the Body Dorsal cavity (brain and spinal cord) Cranial cavity (brain) Spinal cavity (spinal cord) Thoracic cavity (chest) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Terms Referring to Cavities of the Body Abdominopelvic cavity (abdomen and pelvis) Abdominal cavity (stomach liver etc.) Pelvic cavity (bladder, uterus, rectum) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Eyes Nasal cavity Cavities that form the nose Buccal cavity Teeth and tongue © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. LIFE FUNCTIONS Movement Ingestion Digestion Transport Respiration Synthesis p.6 table 1-1 Write the correct body system with each function Assimilation Growth Secretion Excretion Regulation Reproduction © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Early in human development, certain groups of cells become highly specialized for specific functions. Special cells grouped according to function, shape, size, and structure are called tissues. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Tissues form larger structural units known as organs. Groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function are called an organ system. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BODY PROCESSES Metabolism Anabolism (building up of from simpler materials) Catabolism (breaking down and changing complex materials to simpler ones) Homeostasis (the sum of both anabolism and catabolism) (=) © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Activity With a partner draw a person in anatomical position and a side view. Pretend your pencil is a scalpel and divide the body into each of the body planes. Label these. Draw a diagram of the different body cavities and label them p. 4 in the orange anatomy book has an example Individually complete the review questions p.8 © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.