Not in the History Books Opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Whigs, helped found the Republican Party, which opposed the spread of slavery into the territories. As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the United States moved closer to Civil War.

Divisions Grow Animosity between the North and South was again on the rise. The North felt that if the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was ignored, the Compromise of 1850 could be ignored as well. Violations of the hated Fugitive Slave Law increased. Trouble was indeed back with a vengeance.

Divisions Grow Northern Democrats in the House of Representatives split nearly evenly on the vote showing deep political divisions. Many northerners began to feel that compromise with the South was impossible.

Divisions Grow Sam Houston of Texas thought the bill would upset the country from Maine to the Rio Grande.

Conflict in Kansas After passage of the Kansas- Nebraska Act, Proslavery and Antislavery groups rushed supporters into Kansas. In 1855 elections took place with a proslavery legislature being elected.

Conflict in Kansas Voter fraud took place since their were only 1,500 voters that lived in Kansas, however more than 6,000 votes were cast.

Conflict in Kansas Thousands of proslavery people had crossed the border from Missouri into Kansas to vote, and in armed groups. These people became known as border Ruffians.

Conflict in Kansas Proslavery laws were passed in Kansas. One law even restricted political office to proslavery candidates

Conflict in Kansas Antislavery people refused to accept these laws. They armed themselves. Held their own elections Adopted their constitution banning slavery.

Conflict in Kansas By 1856 rival governments existed in Kansas; one for slavery and one against. Both factions asked Congress for recognition.

Conflict in Kansas To increase the division, The Senate and President Franklin Pierce recognized the proslavery government. The House recognized the Antislavery government. Quiz 15-2B

“Bleeding Kansas” In Kansas proslavery and antislavery factions began arming themselves and outbreaks of violence occurred. May 1856 800 slavery supporters attacked Lawrence , KS- the antislavery capital.

“Bleeding Kansas” They sacked the town and burned the hotel. They also torched the home of the governor, and destroyed 2 newspaper offices. Soon after those opposed to slavery retaliated.

“Bleeding Kansas” John Brown, a passionate abolitionist, believed God had chosen him to end slavery. When Brown heard of the attack on Lawrence, he vowed to “strike terror into the hearts of the proslavery people.”

“Bleeding Kansas” John Brown led 4 of his sons, and 2 other men along Pattawatomie Creek, siezing and killing 5 supporters of slavery.

“Bleeding Kansas” More violence escalated with more armed bands roving the territory. Newspapers began referring to “Bleeding Kansas” and “the Civil War in Kansas” with the armed struggle taking place. Civil War- Armed conflict between people of the same country

“Bleeding Kansas” In October of 1856 John Geary, the appointed territorial governor of Kansas, stopped the bloodshed in Kansas by suppressing guerrilla forces and using 1,300 federal troops.

Violence in Congress As violence erupted in Kansas, it also eruped on the floor of thre Senate. Abolitionist Charles Sumner gave a speech entitled “The Crime against Kansas” very antislavery.

Violence in Congress 2 days after the speech, Congressman Preston Brooks, a distant cousin of Sumner, attacked Sumner in the Senate with his cane. Sumer fell to the floor bleeding and unconscious. This act revealed the level of disconnect between the North and the South.

Not in the History Books The story starts on May 19th of the same year, when Senator Sumner gave a rousing two-day speech of the floor of the United States Senate where he not only criticized then President Franklin Pierce, but also went even further to single out specific sympathizers in his "Crime Against Kansas" speech, Stephen Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler of South Carolina.

Not in the History Books He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noise-some, squat, and nameless animal . . . not a proper model for an American senator." Andrew Butler, who was not present, received more elaborate treatment. Mocking the South Carolina senator's stance as a man of chivalry, the Massachusetts senator charged him with taking "a mistress . . . who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight—I mean," added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery."

Not in the History Books One of the individuals singled out by Senator Sumner was Senator Andrew Pickens Butler, a Democrat from South Carolina and a cousin of Preston Brooks.

Not in the History Books Upon hearing of Sumner’s speech, the South Carolina Congressman, complete with his understanding of Code Duello (Southern Code of Honor), and his gutta-percha cane, entered the Chambers of the United States Senate with Congressman Laurence Massillon Keitt, a fellow South Carolina Democrat and Virginia Congressman Henry Alonzo Edmundson (also a Democrat) and approached Sumner.

Not in the History Books Upon stating that he had read Sumner’s speech, Brooks began to viciously beat Sumner in the head with his cane until it broke. He sustained injuries that would keep him out of the Senate for three years.

Not in the History Books While punishment was sought against Brooks, the two-thirds vote needed to expel him from House of Representatives couldn’t be reached.

Not in the History Books Sumner returned to the Senate three years later and became an outspoken leader for the Republicans. Sumner remained in the Senate until his death on 11 March 1874. Quiz 15-2C