Estimating Mineral Weathering Rates in Catskills Watersheds

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Presentation transcript:

Estimating Mineral Weathering Rates in Catskills Watersheds Chris E. Johnson Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering Syracuse University

Erosion, Denudation and Weathering Erosion: Generally refers to the transport of physical matter by water and wind. Weathering: Breakdown of rocks/minerals. Physical Chemical Denudation: Net lowering of the landscape. Result of physical and chemical processes.

CaAl2Si2O8 (s) + 6H2O + 2H+ = 2Al(OH)3 (s) + Ca2+ + 2H4SiO4 (aq) Chemical Weathering Dissolution of minerals in soils and parent material. CaAl2Si2O8 (s) + 6H2O + 2H+ = 2Al(OH)3 (s) + Ca2+ + 2H4SiO4 (aq) Releases dissolved substances to groundwaters. Basic Cations: Ca, Mg, K, Na Silica: H4SiO4 Aluminum: potentially toxic to aquatic biota Neutralizes acidity. Crucial to sustainable water quality Largely determines “critical load” of acid deposition in forested ecosystems.

Estimation of Chemical Weathering Rates Chemical weathering is not readily measurable. Very slow rate… …integrated over the total mineral surface area in soils and parent material in a watershed… …results in relatively large fluxes of Ca, Na, K, Mg, Si, etc. We need to use indirect methods to estimate fluxes of solutes from chemical weathering.

Catchment-Based Estimation of Chemical Weathering Watershed mass balances can be constructed for ions produced by chemical weathering: