cell cycle interphase G1, S, G2 mitosis (division of the nucleus) cytokinesis

ZYGOTE - EMBRYO - FETUS - INFANT . . . GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: ZYGOTE - EMBRYO - FETUS - INFANT . . . REGENERATION WOUND HEALING SOME ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CANCER

DNA IN FIRST (PARENT) CELL IS COPIED EXACTLY INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS MAIN IDEA DNA IN FIRST (PARENT) CELL IS COPIED EXACTLY INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS

DIPLOID & HAPLOID HAPLOID = N (GAMETES are haploid: SPERM & EGG) CHROMOSOMES IN BODY CELLS (SOMATIC) = 2N

NORMAL HUMAN KARYOTYPE NUMBERED FROM LONG TO SHORT 1000’S OF GENES ON EACH CHROMOSOME

SO HOW DO WE GO FROM 1 CELL TO 2 CELLS?

some cells (nerve, muscle) get “stuck” in G1 G1 = gap 1 1st step of interphase Cell Grows G0 some cells (nerve, muscle) get “stuck” in G1

Exact duplication of DNA s phase 2nd step of interphase stops growing synthesis Exact duplication of DNA start with 2 of each chromosome end with 4 of each chromosome (sister chromatids)

Chromatin - DNA RNA, various proteins (histones) that form chromosomes during cell division

AFTER S-PHASE 1. chromatid 2.centromere 3.short (p)arm 4.long (q) arm sister chromatid chromatid

G2 3rd stage of interphase growth continues

mitosis division of nucleus prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

division of cytoplasm & other organelles cytokinesis division of cytoplasm & other organelles

“PMAT” PHASES OF MITOSIS

2. centrosomes move to sides 3. spindles form 1. nucleolus (makes ribosomes) has dissolved 2. centrosomes move to sides 3. spindles form

1. nuclear envelope dissolves PROMETAPHASE 1. nuclear envelope dissolves 2. kinetochores form at the centromere & attach to spindle fibers (one kind of microtubule) 3. Microtubules attach to chromosomes

chromosomes “meet” along an imaginary line (metaphase plate)

A(part)NAPHASE

telophase

cytokinesis - back to G1 of interphase dividing cytoplasm & contents cell plate forms in plants end of telophase

ID red, blue, green & black arrows stages

cancer - cells out of control mutation in genes suppresses regulatory proteins of mitosis

tumors -

Mitosis read chapter 10 – take notes – define vocabulary