Advances in Gastrointestinal Pharmacotherapy David C. Metz, Nimish Vakil, Emmet B. Keeffe, Gary R. Lichtenstein  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 3, Issue 12, Pages 1167-1179 (December 2005) DOI: 10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00895-5 Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Mechanism of action of PPIs. Conversion of the drug to a sulphenamide is required. Binding is irreversible. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2005 3, 1167-1179DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00895-5) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Postulated mechanism of action of potassium-competitive acid blockers. Note that transformation to a sulphenamide is not required. Concentration in the cell is greater than with conventional PPIs and the binding is ionic and reversible. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2005 3, 1167-1179DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00895-5) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Chronic hepatitis C: possible treatment outcomes after therapy. An early virologic response is defined as greater than a 2-log reduction in HCV RNA level at week 12. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2005 3, 1167-1179DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00895-5) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 IBD mucosal immune response. tff, Trefoil factor family; nf-κB, nuclear factor-κB; apc, antigen presenting cell; tgf, transforming growth factor; cam, cell adhesion molecule. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2005 3, 1167-1179DOI: (10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00895-5) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions