Unit 4 Key Term Lesson

Electrons Is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom.

Valence Electrons An electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom.

Octet Is a group of eight valence electrons surrounding an atom. All noble gases have an octet, with the exception of helium.

Lewis Dot Structure A notation showing the valence electrons surrounding the atomic symbol

Hydrogen Bond Are the attractive force caused by hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N. F, O, and N are very electronegative so it is a very strong dipole. The hydrogen partially share with the lone pair in the molecule next to it. The strongest of the intermolecular forces.

Ionic Bond Atoms are stable when their outermost shell is full/Sometimes it is easier to lose electrons rather than gain, other times it is easier to gain When an atom loses an electron it has a positive charge, called a cation When an atom gains an electron it has a negative charge, called a anion

Covalent Bond Sharing is caring The chemical bond when 2 atoms share electrons Usually the atoms of the same element Non-metal and non-metal Sharing electrons, each atom has a stable outer shell EX: Flouride

Single Bond Is a chemical bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them.

Double Bond Chemical bond between 2 elements involving four bonding electrons instead of 2.

Triple Bond Chemical bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between 2 atoms

Metallic Bond Consist of closely packed cations floating in a sea of electrons All of the atoms are able to share the electrons The electrons are not bonded to individual atoms

Polar vs. Non-Polar