AF pre-read: basic WORDS Subversive: (adj) a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working secretly from within Malignant: (adj) evil in nature, influence, or effect Scapegoat: (n) one who bears the blame for others Comrade: (n) an intimate friend; OR a fellow soldier Fascism: (n) a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

AF Pre: ECONOMIC THEORIES Communism: (n) An economic theory advocating elimination of private property in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed; A doctrine based on revolutionary Marxian socialism and Marxism-Leninism that was the official ideology of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; a final stage of society in Marxist theory in which the state has withered away and economic goods are distributed equitably a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production Socialism (n): any economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods a system of society or group living in which there is no private property a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done Capitalism: (n) an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market

Essential Questions for AF Discuss the corruption of collectivism and Animalism during the course of the novel. How do propaganda, nationalism, and revisionist history play a role in that corruption? Orwell’s book, Animal Farm, is a satirical allegory of the Russian Revolution. When, why, and to what effect does Orwell use both literary techniques—satire and allegory?

ALLEGORY & SATIRE

Af is a satirical allegory Fable: story with a moral Satire: humor and critique to make a point Allegory: story where all of the elements are symbolic

Marx, creates Communist Manifesto Russian Revolution Marx, creates Communist Manifesto Dies soon after

Russian Revolution 1917 Czar Nicholas II overthrown

Russian Revolution Lenin, leads Dies soon after

Russian Revolution Trotsky, more powerful while Lenin lives Stalin, more powerful later

George Orwell Pen name for Eric Arthur Blair 1903-1950 Born in British India; spent most of his life in England.

Orwell was part of a world-wide group of writers and intellectuals in the 1920s and 30s who supported the ideals of socialism and complained against what they saw as the limitations and even cruelty of capitalism. Many of them unquestioningly supported the Russian Revolution.

Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 Republicans backing democratically elected and socialist leaning government Nationalist backing dictatorial and fascist leaning government Fascism: radical authoritarian nationalism; central control of private enterprise

zoomorphism Art that imagines humans as non-human animals

Giving human qualities to animals anthropomorphism Giving human qualities to animals (personification gives them to inanimate objects)

Comrade Subversive Malignant Scapegoat Authoritarianism Fascism Totalitarianism Communism Socialism Capitalism a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working secretly from within evil in nature, influence, or effect one who bears the blame for others an intimate friend; OR a fellow soldier a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods a system of government characterized by a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production a political philosophy or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition the political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state authority an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market