Social Adjustment in SC during Reconstruction

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Presentation transcript:

Social Adjustment in SC during Reconstruction

Plantation Owners Lost Felt betrayed by former slaves who left labor force most of their wealth Felt betrayed by former slaves who left Entered into sharecropping relationships with former slaves Used Black Codes to try to hold on to slave-like conditions Engaged in violence and intimidation against African Americans

Small Farmers Not devastated economically by war Felt threatened by presence of freedmen (competition) Some joined KKK to intimidate African Americans Some cooperated with Republicans in hopes of gaining status. Called “scalawags”.

Freedmen Liberated and displaced by Reconstruction Left after the war to search for sold family members Many came back to familiar plantations Freedmen’s Bureau helped them autonomous establish communities Left white churches and formed their own Many became sharecroppers, still economically dependent on planters Crop lien system kept sharecroppers in constant debt

Sharecropping

Tenancy & the Crop Lien System Furnishing Merchant Tenant Farmer Landowner Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop. Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest. Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt. Plants crop, harvests in autumn. Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent. Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt. Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.

Women Elite white women had to take on household chores once performed by slaves Many husbands died or were mentally and physically impaired Women were forced take on non-traditional roles Gained some rights during Reconstruction right to own property and file for divorce.

Came to SC as teachers, missionaries, entrepreneurs, or Union soldiers Northern Immigrants Came to SC as teachers, missionaries, entrepreneurs, or Union soldiers Found political and economic opportunity Resented by southern whites, who called them “carpetbaggers.”