J.H. Ryu, S.W. Lee, J.H. Lee, E.H. Lee, S.H. Do, C.S. Kim

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Randomized double-blind study of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine for flexible bronchoscopy J.H. Ryu, S.W. Lee, J.H. Lee, E.H. Lee, S.H. Do, C.S. Kim British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 108, Issue 3, Pages 503-511 (March 2012) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer400 Copyright © 2012 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 CONSORT flow diagram. Seventy-two subjects were randomized; two subjects (one from each group) were eliminated due to an unexpected delay in diagnosis and prolongation of operation time. PR group, propofol–remifentanil group; PD group: propofol–dexmedetomidine group. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2012 108, 503-511DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer400) Copyright © 2012 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Change in oxygen saturation during flexible bronchoscopy. Oxygen saturation of the PR group was lower than that of the PD group at T2 (1 min after passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords), but repeated-measures anova shows no significant difference over time between the two groups. Results are expressed as means (sd). PR group, propofol–remifentanil group; PD group, propofol–dexmedetomidine group; T0, baseline; T1, passage of the bronchoscope through vocal cords; T2, 1 min after T1; T3, 3 min after T1; T4, 5 min after T1; T5, 10 min after T1. *P<0.05. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2012 108, 503-511DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer400) Copyright © 2012 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Changes in HR and MAP during flexible bronchoscopy. Repeated-measures anova shows no significant difference in HR and MAP over time between the two groups, but HR at T1 (passage of the scope through the vocal cord) was higher in the PR group than in the PD group. Results are expressed as mean (sd). PR group, propofol–remifentanil group; PD group, propofol–dexmedetomidine group; T0, baseline; T1, passage of the bronchoscope through vocal cords; T2, 1 min after T1; T3, 3 min after T1; T4, 5 min after T1; T5, 10 min after T1. *P<0.05. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2012 108, 503-511DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer400) Copyright © 2012 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Cough and satisfaction scores of subjects and bronchoscopists. Cough and satisfaction scores were measured with a 0–100 NRS, where 0 indicates incessant cough and worst discomfort and 100 indicates no cough and no discomfort. The NRS by the bronchoscopist for cough and satisfaction was significantly lower in the PD group than in the PR group, whereas the cough and satisfaction NRS of the subjects were comparable between the two groups. Data are shown as mean (sd). *P<0.05. PR group, propofol–remifentanil group; PD group, propofol–dexmedetomidine group. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2012 108, 503-511DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer400) Copyright © 2012 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions