أحكام الميم الساكنة Non-Vowelled Meem.

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Presentation transcript:

أحكام الميم الساكنة Non-Vowelled Meem

ما هي الميم الساكنة What is a Non-Vowelled Meem الميم الساكنة هي الميم التي لا حركة لها وهي تقع قبل أحرف الهجاء جميعها ما عدا حروف المد الثلاثة وذلك خشية التقاء الساكنين. ولها ثلاثة أحكام: الإظهار الشفوي الإخفاء الشفوي إدغام مثلين صغير Non-vowelled meem [Meem sakinah] is a meem void of vowels. It precedes all letters of the alphabet except the three letters of lengthening, so as to avoid the meeting of two non-vowelled letters. A non-vowelled meem has three rules: Labial Manifestation Labial Concealment Idgam Mithlain Saghir

الإظهار الشفوي Labial Manifestation (Iz-haar shafawi) الإظهار الشفوي لغة : البيان والإيضاح. اصطلاحـــا : إخراج كل حرف من مخرجه من غير غنة في الحرف المظهر. وسمي شفويا لأن الميم الساكنة وهي الحرف المظهر تخرج من الشفتين ونسب إلى مخرج الحرف المظهر لضبطه وانحصاره. الإظهار الشفوي له ستة وعشرون حرفا وهي الأحرف الهجائية بعد حذف الميم والباء. ويلاحظ عند وقوع الواو أو الفاء بعد الميم الساكنة وجوب إظهار الميم إظهارا شفويا شديدا حتى لا يتوهم إخفاؤها عندهما كما تخفى عند الباء وذلك لاتحاد مخرجها مع الواو وقرب مخرجها من الفاء.

الإظهار الشفوي Labial Manifestation (Iz-haar shafawi) literally means: explanation manifestation and clarification. Technically it means: pronouncing every letter at its point of articulation (makhrag) clearly without ghunnah [nasal twang] in the apparent letter. It is called labial (shafawi) (pertaining to the lips) because the non-vowelled meem, which is the apparent letter is produced from the lips. It is called Labial (shafawi) in attribution to the point of articulation of the articulated letter and because of its distinction and limitations.

الإظهار الشفوي Labial Manifestation (Iz-haar shafawi) …continued The Labial manifestation (Iz -haar shafawi), has 26 letters which are these letters of the alphabet excluding the meem and the baa. It is to be observed that at the occurrence of the waaw and the faa after a non-vowelled meem, it must be pronounced with emphatic labial manifestation (Iz-haar shafawi shadeed) so as to avoid concealing it as in the case of the concealed baa because of the overlapping of its point of articulation with the waaw and the proximity of its point of articulation with the faa ( ظپ ).

الإخفاء الشفوي Concealment (Ikhfaa') literally means: concealment. Technically, it means: pronouncing a letter between manifestation and assimilation without doubling (tashdeed) and while retaining the ghunnah [nasal twang]. It is called labial because the meem and the baa are produced from the lips. Labial Concealment (Ikhfaa' shafawi) has only one letter, the Baa'. الإخفاء لغة : الستر. واصطلاحـــاً : النطق بالحرف بصفة بين الإظهار والإدغام عارياً عن التشديد مع بقاء الغنة. سمي شفويا لأن الميم والباء يخرجان من الشفتين. والإخفاء الشفوي له حرف واحد وهو الباء.

إدغام مثلين صغير Assimilation (Idghaam) الإدغام لغة : إدخال الشيء في الشيء. اصطلاحـــاً : إدخال حرف ساكن في حرف متحرك بحيث يصيران حرفاً واحداً مشدداً. وسمي مثلين لكونه مؤلفا من حرفين متحدين في المخرج والصفة, وسمي صغيراً لأن الأول منهما ساكن والثاني متحرك. وإدغام المثلين الصغير له حرف واحد وهو الميم.

إدغام مثلين صغير Assimilation (Idghaam) literally means: placing something into another. Technically, it means: assimilating a non-vowelled letter into a vowel one, whereby they become one doubled letter. It is also called identical letters (mithilayn) because it is composed of two letters having identical points of articulation and qualities. It is also called small (sagheer) because the first is a non-vowelled letter and the second is a vowel. The small assimilation of identical letters [idghaam mithlayn sagheer] has one letter which is the meem.