Figure 4 Effects of irisin on glucose homeostasis

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Figure 4 Effects of irisin on glucose homeostasis Figure 4 | Effects of irisin on glucose homeostasis. Irisin is primarily secreted by muscle during exercise and secondarily by adipose tissue (black arrows). Irisin reaches different organs via the blood (red arrows), leading to changes in their handling of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The most important target of irisin is adipose tissue, where it stimulates the 'browning' of white adipose tissue (WAT). The effects of irisin on muscle, adipose tissue and liver favour states of normoglycaemia and normolipidaemia. *Although present in pancreas, muscle and brain, the role of irisin in these organs, as well as in kidney and liver (especially in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)), has yet to be adequately investigated. CKD, chronic kidney disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Perakakis, N. et al. (2017) Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.221