Gorav Ailawadi, MD, Christopher W. Moehle, BS, Hong Pei, MD, Sandra P

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Presentation transcript:

Smooth muscle phenotypic modulation is an early event in aortic aneurysms Gorav Ailawadi, MD, Christopher W. Moehle, BS, Hong Pei, MD, Sandra P. Walton, BS, Zequan Yang, MD, PhD, Irving L. Kron, MD, Christine L. Lau, MD, Gary K. Owens, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 138, Issue 6, Pages 1392-1399 (December 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075 Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A, Elastase perfusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. B, An explanted abdominal aortic aneurysm 14 days after elastase perfusion. C, Graph demonstrating aortic aneurysm formation at 14 days after elastase (and not saline) perfusion. Importantly, at 7 days, no differences in aortic diameter are evident between elastase- and saline-treated animals. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of smooth muscle marker genes at 7 and 14 days after elastase/saline perfusion. SM22α and SM α-actin expression is downregulated in elastase-treated aortas at 7 and 14 days after perfusion. Standard error bars are shown. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in mice 7 days after elastase or saline perfusion. Little differences in elastin are evident by means of Movat staining, with intact elastin in both treatment groups. Some early degradation might be present in regions of the aorta (blue arrowheads) after elastase perfusion compared with that seen after saline perfusion. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 appears to be upregulated at 7 days after elastase compared with that seen after saline. Minimal activated (cleaved) caspase-3 staining is present in either group (brown positive stain, methyl green nuclear counterstain). Images were obtained at 25× magnification, except for caspase-3, which was obtained at 10× magnification. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in mice 14 days after elastase or saline perfusion. Movat staining demonstrated destruction of the medial elastin layer in elastase-treated animals. SM α-actin and SM22α (arrowheads) are downregulated compared with that seen in saline controls. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 is markedly increased in elastase-treated animals. There is little activated (cleaved) caspase-3 staining in either elastase- or saline-treated animals (brown staining positive, methyl green nuclear counterstain). Images were obtained at 25× magnification, except for caspase-3, which was obtained at 10× magnification. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Quantitative polymerase chain reaction in human ascending aortic aneurysms and control ascending aortic tissue. SM α-actin expression is significantly decreased in ascending aortic aneurysms, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 expression is increased compared with that seen in control aortas. Standard error bars are shown. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Immunohistochemistry in human ascending and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AA) and control ascending aortas. SM α-actin and SM22α are downregulated in aortic aneurysms compared with that seen in control aortas. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 is increased in aneurysmal tissue. Apoptosis (caspase-3) is evident in ascending and abdominal aortic aneurysms and, to a lesser extent, in control aortas. All images were obtained at 10× magnification. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1392-1399DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions