Cell-Cell Signaling
Neurotransmitters
Ligand-Gated Na+ Channel Post-synaptic membrane
Target Cell
Signal Transduction Pathway of Target Cell
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-MAP Kinase Pathway
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Activation (GEF) (RTK)
RTKs Bound to Signal Molecule
Activation of Ras Protein Kinase Cascade (GEF)
Kinase Cascade (MKKK) (MKK) Target Proteins
Tumor Progression Pg. 729
Colonize New Tissues Pg. 727
Tumor Growth Pg. 736
Normal Ras and Oncogenic Ras
Post-Translational Modfication of Ras FTase
Therapy for “Ras-Positive” Tumors FTase Inhibitors FTase
Pathways Disrupted in Cancer Cells
Signal Transduction Pathways and Cell Differentiation Stem Cell Specialized cell type (neuron, skin cell, red blood cell, etc.)
Blood Cell Formation
Red Blood Cell Development
EPO Synthesis of proteins that stimulate Red Blood Cell development
Negative Regulation of JAK/STAT Pathway
Seven-Pass Receptors Cell Types Adrenaline Glucogon TSH, LH Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Thyroid Ovary Kidney Intestinal epithelia Contraction Glycogen breakdown Hormone secretion Water retention Ion transport Pg. 546
Activation of Galpha Subunit
Synthesis of cyclic AMP Adenylyl Cyclase ATP cyclic AMP Pg. 550
Targets Ion Channels Transcription Factors Enzymes
Cholera Toxin G.I. Tract G∂ “ON”
Cytoskeletal Structures Intermediate filaments Actin Microtubules Chapter 17
Tubulin Dimer GTP GTP
GFP-Tagged Centrosomes
Centrosome Structure
Microtubule “Poisons” Colchicine Taxol (Autumn crocus) (Pacific Yew)
Tubulin Dimer GTP GTP Taxol
Microtubules Vesicle Transport Chromosome segregation (mitotic spindle) Cilia/Flagella
Microtubule “Motor” Proteins
Microtubule “Motor” Proteins
Actin Filaments
Actin Monomer
Arp2/3 (Actin Related Proteins)
Gelsolin Protein New minus end
Myosin-II
Muscle Cell
Sarcomere
Contraction of a Sarcomere
Resting Muscle
Ca2+ Binds Troponin C
Tropomyosin blocks access to actin filament
Muscle Cell
Muscle Relaxants Baclofen Pancuronium Inhibits Ligand-gated ion channels Ligand for Seven-pass receptor
Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized Pancuronium Muscle Cell Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized
Muscle Relaxants Baclofen Pancuronium Inhibits Ligand-gated ion channels Ligand for Seven-pass receptor
Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized Baclofin Muscle Cell Membrane Muscle Cell Membrane Muscle cell membrane can not be de-polarized
Cytokinesis
Myosin II - GFP Interphase Telophase Cytokinesis Cytokinesis
“Contractile Unit” in Cytokinesis Plasma Membrane Cytosol Fig. 17-41
Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication
G1 S G2 M-Phase G1
G1 S G2 M-Phase G1
Binding site for Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) (ORC)
Semi-Conservative DNA Replication (G1 Phase) (G2 Phase)