Culture, diffusion, & geographic concepts CHAPTER 1

Starter – answer each question and then explain the correct answer An example of a formal region is: The trade area between El Paso and Juarez. 25 square kilometers The South. The city limits of El Paso. Perceptual or vernacular regions Are perceived through the application of defined spatial criteria Have boundaries of clearly visible, self- evident physical or cultural change. Have meaning only in physical geography, which deals with perceivable objects Reflect personal or popular impressions of territory and spatial divisions A functional or nodal region is defined by: Significant topographic change at its margins The organized space surrounding a central feature. The functions assigned to it by government or other regions The physical or cultural characteristic common throughout the region

Formal region Also called “uniform region” or “homogeneous region” United in 1 or more traits: Physical geography Cultural Economic Utah can be a formal region by any of these traits, how so?

Perceptual Also known as vernacular Mental maps! There could be something formally binding everything together, but ultimately, it is just how we perceive a region to be

What is the “Middle East”?

Functional Regions Also known as nodal regions Organized around a focal point and defined by an activity that occurs across the region Example Region: Pizza delivery Node: Pizza Shop Region: A country Node: The capital

Diffusion Spread of a feature from one place to another over time 2 Types Expansion: Spreads and grows Relocation: Moved from one place to another

CULTURE TANGIBLE LIFESTYLE VALUES BELIEFS

CULTURAL TRAIT A SINGLE, DISTINGUISHING CUSTOM THAT IS PART OF EVERYDAY LIFE OF PARTICULAR CULTURE LEARNED, PASSED ON THROUGH COMMUNICATION DIFFERENT CULTURES CAN HAVE SIMILAR TRAITS, BUT MAY HAVE DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE!!!!

CULTURAL TRAIT cont. DIFFERENT CULTURES CAN HAVE SIMILAR TRAITS, BUT MAY HAVE DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE! (Dressing up for social reasons, versus dressing up for cultural or work reasons)

Hearth Area where a cultural trait originates

CULTURAL HEARTH THE AREA WHERE CULTURAL TRAITS DEVELOP AND DIFFUSE

CULTURAL HEARTH TRAITS CAN DEVELOP IN MORE THAN ONE HEARTH WITHOUT BEING INFLUENCED BY ITS DEVELOPMENT ELSEWHERE= INDEPENDENT INVENTION

Modern Cultural Hearth A global center of culture and economics with a worldwide impact Generally it is a highly populated city in a wealthy and culturally influential country

This map shows the spread of which type of music through cultural diffusion? Opera Bluegrass Classical Jazz

CULTURAL DIFFUSION THE MOVEMENT OF IDEAS, BELIEFS, GOODS, TRAITS, CUSTOMS, PEOPLES & OTHER ASPECTS OF CULTURE ACROSS SPACE INCREASES WITH ADVANCED COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORTATION AND TECHNOLOGY.

CULTURAL DIFFUSION TIME AND DISTANCE INFLUENCE THE DIFFUSION PROCESS

CULTURAL DIFFUSION TIME AND DISTANCE INFLUENCE THE DIFFUSION PROCESS BUT ACCEPTANCE AND ADOPTION OF A TRAIT BECOMES LESS LIKELY WITH GREATER DISTANCE AND OVER LONGER PERIODS OF TIME = TIME-DISTANCE DECAY

CULTURAL BARRIERS CULTURAL TRAITS, BELIEFS, ATTITUDES ETC… THAT POSE AS OBSTACLES TO CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Diffusion Expansion: feature spreads through “snowballing” Hierarchical: spread from high up the chain and then down to lower Contagious: rapid and widespread throughout a population Stimulus: part of it spreads (underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed) Relocation: idea spreads through physical movement from one place to another

EXPANSION DIFFUSION WHEN A IDEA, TRAIT, INNOVATION, ETC…DEVELOPS AT A HEARTH AND REMAINS STRONG THERE WHILE SPREADING OUTWARD THE IDEA, TRAIT, INNOVATION, ETC…DOES THE MOVING NOT THE PEOPLE

CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION RAPID, WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF A CHARACTERISTIC THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION. SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION LIKE THE FLU WOULD. IT STARTS FROM A “CENTER” OR HEARTH AND DIFFUSES OUT FROM THERE TO THE REST OF THE POPULATION. THE “MEAN GIRLS” PHENOMENON

HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION THE SPREAD OF AN IDEA FROM PERSONS OR NODES OF AUTHORITY OR POWER TO OTHER PERSONS OR PLACE. The most common method for this is a trend or idea starts in a major city, then the other cities follow a while after. This type of diffusion can also spread by authority figures in a community such as a political leaders or socially elite people.

RELOCATION DIFFUSION THE DISSEMINATION OF TRAITS, IDEAS, INNOVATIONS AS A RESULT OF THE ACTUAL MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE IN CONTRAST TO EXPANSION DIFFUSION

STIMULUS DIFFUSION THE SPREAD OF ASPECTS TRAIT, EVEN THOUGH A CHARACTERISTIC ITSELF APPARENTLY FAILS TO DIFFUSE. THE SPECIFIC TRAIT MAY BE REJECTED, BUT THE UNDERLYING CONCEPT IS ACCEPTED

Diffusion Expansion: feature spreads through “snowballing” Hierarchical: spread from a person of authority Contagious: rapid and widespread throughout a population Stimulus: part of it spreads (underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed) Relocation: idea spreads through physical movement from one place to another

Diffusion

Fidget spinners

The flu

Tesla

“This is what happens when you post a link to a $23 dress on Amazon to a female meteorologist Facebook group.”

Christian missionaries attempted to convert kings or tribal leaders in the hopes their people would follow

Chinese Porcelain

Facebook

Globalization The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. Doesn’t matter on state and international boundaries