Simple Organic Compounds

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Presentation transcript:

Simple Organic Compounds Section 2.9

Organic Chemistry Study of carbon-containing compounds Contain C and H; often O, N, and other elements as well

Alkanes Compounds containing only H and C are called hydrocarbons Basic class of hydrocarbons is the ALKANES: Each C is bonded to 4 other atoms (either C or H) Methane Ethane Propane Butane

Derivatives Alkanes H atom of an Alkane is replaced with a functional group. Example: Alcohols

Alcohols Replace an H atom from an alkane with an –OH group Methanol

Naming Alcohols Use the name of the alkane from which it is derived Change the ending to –ol Ethane Ethanol

Naming Alkanes All end in -ane Those with 5 or more carbon atoms: prefixes are used (Table 2.6) Ex: Alkane with 5 C- pentane Ex: 8 C- octane (gasoline)

Properties of Alcohols Very different from the alkane from which they were derived Methane, ethane, and propane colorless gases Methanol, ethanol, and propanol  colorless liquids

Foundation of Organic Compounds Long chains of C-C bonding (alkanes and alcohols) As C-C gets longer, a new substance/new physical properties forms Polyethylene- alkanes with over tens of thousands of C atoms Solid substance- plastic bags, food containers, lab equipment