Chapter 14 Vocabulary – 19 words – Unit 3 The Coming of War Chapter 14 Vocabulary – 19 words – Unit 3

Totalitarianism Theory of government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people.

Benito Mussolini Founder of Italian fascism Once appointed the premier of Italy, he worked to destroy democracy and created a dictatorship.

Fascism Aggressive nationalism Believed that the nation was more important than the individual. Individualism weakens a nation, and a strong government led by a dictator was needed for a strong, orderly society.

Joseph Stalin Dictator of the USSR, beginning in 1926. Cruel, Ruthless, and tyrannical At least 10 million people were killed under Stalin’s rule.

Adolf Hitler Anti-communist and Mussolini supporter Leader of the Nazi (Nationalist-Socialist) Party Argued that Germans were part of a superior race and that Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space). Took power in Germany in 1933.

Appeasement The policies of giving concessions in exchange for peace.

Munich Pact Agreement made between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France in 1938 that sacrificed the Sudetenland to preserve peace. EXAMPLE of Appeasement!!!!!!

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Promise between Germany and the USSR not to declare war against each other. Also, promised to attack Poland and split it up.

Axis Powers Germany, Italy, and Japan

Allies Britain France USSR (eventually) US (eventually) China

Neutrality Acts Made it illegal to sell weapons to any nation at war. Didn’t distinguish between aggressors and victims.

Cash and Carry Provision Amended previous Neutrality Acts by stating that the US could sell weapons to warring nations if they paid cash and carried the arms on their own ships.

Tripartite Pact Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, signed in September, 1940

Lend-Lease Act Removed the cash requirement from the cash and carry provision Made it possible for the US to lend or lease arms to any country “vital to the defense of the United States.”

Atlantic Charter Committed FDR and Churchill to a post war world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas.

Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of Japan who was focused on Japanese expansion. Originally sought to keep the US neutral, but later planned the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor US Naval base in Hawaii and site of the 1941 Japanese attack.

Douglas MacArthur Commander of US Army forces in Asia When the Japanese took the Philippines, MacArthur evacuated to Australia, but pledged to return.

Bataan Death March Forced march of Filipino and American prisoners up the Bataan Peninsula. More than 7000 prisoners died.