Further Fibre Capacity Increase for Accommodation of New Services TERENA Networking Conferrence 2013 Maastricht, Netherlands June 2-6, 2013 Josef Vojtěch Miloslav Hůla, Jan Radil, Vladimír Smotlacha, Pavel Škoda, Stanislav Šíma http://www.ces.net http://czechlight.cesnet.cz/en

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Work was partially supported by Czech Institutional funding of research by project Large Infrastructure CESNET (www.ces.net) and in GN3 project (www.geant.net) under EU FP7 Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Outline Motivation - New types of applications Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Outline Motivation - New types of applications Ways of information transport Parallel transport with coherent 100 Gbps L band practical experiences S band and 2µm Observations Q&A Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Motivation Some types of applications - statistical multiplex not suitable or even usable Applications interacting with external processes (processes outside network) timing of interaction limits quality or even the acceptability of results Metrology (basic quantities transmission: time, frequency) Remote access to / control of unique instruments (e.g. telescopes, medical instruments) Remote real-time data collection (sensors, early warning) Enormous data flows Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Photonic Service End-to-end connection between two or more places in network Described by allocated bandwidth and photonic-path Maximal transparency - minimal impact of network on transmitted content Path all-optical, no OEO except special cases Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Photonic Service Photonic service can transport real time data Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Photonic Service Photonic service can transport real time data Dedicated bandwidth with no or only special OEO Transparency to transmitted signals Only transport latency shortest photonic path Constant latency (i.e. negligible jitter), non or only specially tailored electrical processing Stable service availability (due allocated bandwidth) Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Available Transport Signals can be untypical (slow, non-modulated) Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Available Transport Signals can be untypical (slow, non-modulated) Dedicated fibre – OK, but price of rental Annualized avg. cost of fibre rental: cf = 0.5 €/m/year [1] Long distances - Dedicated lambda – OK Annualized costs of 10Gbps transmission system: ct = 0.12 €/m/year [1] [1] S. Sima et al.: Deliverable D3.2v3 of Porta Optica project: Economic analysis, dark fibre usage cost model and model of operations http://www.porta-optica.org/publications/POS-D3.2_Economical_analysis.pdf Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Long-haul Transport Alien wavelength – lot of parallel lambdas posibly with 100G Indicated: (slow) OOK (amplitude modulated) signals have negative impact on coherent DP-QPSK through non-linear interactions, but precise numbers difficult to find Vendors typically don’t give any warranties on system performance with parallel transmission with PSs Guard-bands generally improve the situation but consume system bandwidth (200GHz) Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Influence of Slow OOK Signals on 100G Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Influence of Slow OOK Signals on 100G Lab tested 100G DP-QPSK systems vendors 2 and 3 Interaction with slow signals – 1 Mb, 100 Mb and 1Gb 100Mb/s signals similar to PS accurate time transfer (comparison of atomic slocks) 1Mb/s tested as the worst alternative, on 50GHz spacing preFEC was very slightly different but probably due to changes in power per channel (lab EDFAs) Over 450km of fibre (G.652 and G.655) non principal harmful effects, when 100G ‚surrounded‘ by slow signals May be different on 2000km Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Influence of slow OOK signals on 100G Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Influence of slow OOK signals on 100G Field verification 2011 vendor 1 Over 300km of G.655 fibre Full operation Feb 2013 vendor 2 Same line as above + spectral displacement from coherent used No observable influence Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Transmission Channels Shortage Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Transmission Channels Shortage 2.5G systems able of operation over 25GHz grid ~ 160ch in 35nm of C band Typical 10G systems with 50GHz offered 88 (92) channels, undersea systems over 33GHz grid ~ 120 channels Present 100G DP-QPSK fits into 50GHz Probably no chance to fit 400G or 1T streams into 50GHz Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Possible Solutions Spectral savings: Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Possible Solutions Spectral savings: More advanced signals modulations – higher spectral efficiency and spacing reduction (e.g. 100Gps into 33GHz grid) Use of flexible grid together with adaptive transponders, indicated savings up to 30% Both leads into higher channels density Can be in contradiction with demand for spectral separation Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Available Bandwidth in SSMF Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Available Bandwidth in SSMF L band S band Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Practical Results with L Band Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Practical Results with L Band C + L band lab verification Single span 150 and 200km G.652 fibre on spools High launched power about +8.5 and +14.5 dBm/ch Power transfer (Raman effect) from lower to higher wavelengths 0.58/0.38 dB Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Practical Results Field deployment – C + L Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Practical Results Field deployment – C + L EF line Praha-Brno 300km, mixture of G.655 fibre with G.652 local loops Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services S band Suitable rare earth Thulium, but poor efficiency in silica, due to high non-radiative decays TDFAs based on fluoride fibres commercially available 1460-1500 nm 19dB gain and 19dBm output Can’t be spliced with silica fibres, hydroscopic Double pumped TDFA in silica with dopants – not commercially available Er Tm Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

S band cont. Modified EDFA Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services S band cont. Modified EDFA Can handle region about 1510-1530nm, 20dB gain, commercially available, NF higher that TDFA Commercially unavailability of DWDM transceivers for this region Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

2um (2000nm) band Experimental TDFA operation Bandwidth 1910-2020nm Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services 2um (2000nm) band Experimental TDFA operation Bandwidth 1910-2020nm Small signal gain 35dB NF 5-7dB Silica glass Li Y. et al,”Thulium-doped Fiber Amplifier for Optical Communications at 2μm”, OFC2013 Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

2um (2000nm) band cont. Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services 2um (2000nm) band cont. Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers Minimal latency, neff close to 1, propagation speed almost c, not 2/3c Nonlinear coefficient 0.07% of SSMF Losses still in order of 4.5dB/km in 2um Theoretically losses can go down to 0.15 dB/km 1966 Charles K. Kao fiber 1000dB/km Source: NKT Photonic Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Observations Parallel operation of coherent signals and PS needs to be more verified Building blocks for L band are available, curiously biggest issue were transceivers Well known issues Bending losses especially from 1600nm to higher wavelengths Power transfer from C to L Plans to deployment of S band in EF abandoned due to commercial unavailability of equipment Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Miroslav Karásek (In memoriam) Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Acknowledgement Lada Altmannová, Jan Gruntorád, Martin Míchal, Jan Nejman, Václav Novák, Karel Slavíček Miroslav Karásek (In memoriam) Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

Thank you for kind attention! Questions? Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Thank you for kind attention! Questions? josef.vojtech(salamander)cesnet.cz Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013

HC PBGF losses prediction Fibre Capacity Increase for New Services Source: Richardson D.” Fiber Amplifiers for SDM Systems”, OTu3.G1, OFC2013 Maastricht, June 2-6, 2013 TNC 2013