Proteins GT Biology.

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Proteins GT Biology

1. sometimes contain sulfur and phosphorous I. Proteins are compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen A. Proteins 1. sometimes contain sulfur and phosphorous 2. can have the ending “-in” ex: insulin, gastrin, hemoglobin 3. are very versatile 4. make LIFE possible

B. Proteins function as 1. Structural parts of cells & body tissues Ex: Cartilage, bones, muscles

2. Hormones – chemical messengers 3. Antibodies – protect body from foreign substances Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions (end in “-ase”) Protection ex: hair, turtle shell, horns, hooves

Sources of Proteins as food Eggs Dairy Beans and Nuts Meat Fish

II. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids (AA’s) Central carbon atom bonded to: 1. 1 Carboxyl group 2. 1 amino group 3. 1 hydrogen 4. 1 side chain ?

There are 20 different kinds of amino acids (usually end in “-ine”)

III. How proteins are formed Proteins are formed by dehydration synthesis (sound familiar?) *link amino acids together One AA loses an “OH”, one loses an “H” forming a dipeptide and water. This can continue to link many AA together = a protein

B. The bond between two amino acids is a peptide bond water dipeptide

H2O

C. Dipeptide – a molecule composed of 2 amino acids

D. Polypeptide – a molecule composed of more than 2 amino acids

The smallest protein has 50 amino acids The largest protein has over 100,000 amino acids

V. The structure of a protein determines its function Coils or helixes (one chain) Pleated sheets (One chain) Globular (many chains together) globular

How do you test for a Protein? The Biuret test: * add a small amount of Biuret solution to the sample. If it contain protein, it will turn purple

Construct a Venn diagram comparing Lab book entry Construct a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins. carbo What they all have in common. What the Two have in common Unique features lipid protein