11.2 Case Study: Nigeria

Where is Nigeria?

Setting the Stage The Berlin Conference- 14 countries divided Europe Boer War- British defeat the Dutch European’s mindset was control and create an empire to prove greatness

New Imperialism

Methods of Management Indirect Control: relied on existing political rulers. Local officials took care of daily management of the colony *each colony had a legislative council-to train local leaders in British form

Methods of Management Paternalism: governed by paternal Direct Control: viewed Africans as unable to handle the complexity of running a country *brought in their own officials and did not train locals Paternalism: governed by paternal way by providing for needs but not giving rights

Managing the Colonies Assimilation: the idea that local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French *transformed all institutions such as schools, courts, businesses

controlled economic and political life of the area Nigeria – Case Study British Colony: controlled economic and political life of the area

Nigeria as a British Colony Britain conquers southern Nigeria through diplomacy and force Conquest of northern Nigeria through Royal Niger Company – controlled palm oil trade 1914 Britain claims all of Nigeria under its control Nigeria as a British Colony

How Britain Manages the Colonies 250 different Ethnic groups Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo Indirect rule due to lack of military Local chiefs resented British rule

African Resistance Europeans attempted to colonize all of Africa Superior Arms Algeria resisted French rule for 50 years German East Africa use spiritual resistance maji-maji (magical water) GERMAN BULLETS MAJI-MAJI WATER

African Resistance All attempts to resist European control failed except for Ethiopia and Liberia

Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance Menelik II successfully played nations against each other Defeated Italians due to large arsenal Stock piled weapons in case of challenges Menelik II

Legacy of Colonial Rule: Negative Effects Much of the land was taken by other countries. There was little land that belonged to any native Africans Splitting up ethnic groups into separate countries, combining enemy ethnic groups into the same country Deaths from foreign diseases Social division Countries are left underdeveloped Destruction of traditional culture One of the most unfortunate effects is that after the imperial powers started pulling out after World War 2 there was a power vacuum. In many African countries the imperialists were replaced by home-grown dictators.

Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves, hospitals POSITIVES Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves, hospitals & schools created Technology brings economic growth

What’s the difference between direct and indirect control of a colony? QUIZ WIZ What’s the difference between direct and indirect control of a colony? Indirect Control: relied on existing political rulers. Local officials took care of daily management of the colony Direct Control: viewed Africans as unable to handle the complexity of running a country

Transforming a school, court, or business QUIZ WIZ What is an example of assimilation? Transforming a school, court, or business

What are the only two countries not be imperialized in Africa? QUIZ WIZ What are the only two countries not be imperialized in Africa? Ethiopia and Liberia

QUIZ WIZ Modern technology , weapons, exploitation Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful? Modern technology , weapons, exploitation

Do you think the positives of colonial rule outweigh the negatives? QUIZ WIZ Do you think the positives of colonial rule outweigh the negatives? Why?