Volume 125, Issue 2, Pages (August 2003)

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Volume 125, Issue 2, Pages 469-476 (August 2003) Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection of humans is inhibited by dietary calcium Ingeborg M.J Bovee-Oudenhoven, Mischa L.G Lettink-Wissink, Wim Van Doesburg, Ben J.M Witteman, Roelof Van Der Meer Gastroenterology Volume 125, Issue 2, Pages 469-476 (August 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9

Figure 1 Effect of dietary calcium on infection markers in rats. (A ) The effect of calcium on fecal ETEC excretion with time. (B) The ETEC-induced increase in the concentration of fecal cations as determinant of the relative water content of feces. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 12/group). ∗Indicates a significant difference between the control and calcium-supplemented group (P < 0.05). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)

Figure 2 Effect of dietary calcium supplementation on daily fecal and urinary calcium excretion of the subjects before infection. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 16/group). ∗Indicates that the placebo and calcium group were significantly different (P < 0.001). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)

Figure 3 Effect of dietary calcium on the ETEC-induced increase in total fecal output of the subjects with time. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 16/group). ∗Indicates that the placebo and calcium group were significantly different (P = 0.004). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)

Figure 4 Effect of dietary calcium and ETEC infection on relative fecal dry weight of the subjects. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 16/group). Subjects were orally infected with ETEC on day 0. The value at day 0 is the mean of the relative fecal dry weight in the preinfection period. ∗Indicates that the placebo and calcium group were significantly different (P = 0.02). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)

Figure 5 Effect of dietary calcium on the ETEC-induced increase in fecal mucin excretion of the subjects with time. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 16/group). ∗Indicates that the placebo and calcium group were significantly different (P = 0.02). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)

Figure 6 Effect of dietary calcium supplementation on fecal ETEC excretion with time. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 16/group). Subjects were orally infected with 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) of ETEC on day 0. The difference between the placebo and calcium group at day 2 after infection was not significant (P = 0.08). Gastroenterology 2003 125, 469-476DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00884-9)