The Non-compliance Factors of TB treatment among the Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) Cases Yung-Mei Yang Associate professor Po-Liang Lu Associate professor Kaohsiung Medical University, ROC Taiwan Background TB is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. An estimated 10.4 million people fell ill with TB in 2016. According to Center for Disease Control, ROC (Taiwan), it is reported that the number of diagnosis for TB patients were 11,000 and 600 deaths per year. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is TB that does not respond to at least one of the following: Isoniazid and/or Rifampicin, the 2 most powerful anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB remains as a public crisis and a health security threat. Therefore, the TB medication compliance became more important for TB prevention. Results The demographic information was: male, average age of 64, low education low social status TB history along with multiple chronic diseases. There are six themes in the results：1. The side effect of TB medication severely influenced the quality of life, some have suicidal ideation. 2. The lack of empathy from health professionals. 3. Helplessness in the medication seeking process. 4. Patient without disease insight. 5. The psychological overload of the caregiver.6. Lack of social support. 7. Fell be monitored and disease stigmataion. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the non-compliance factors to TB medication from the (MDR-TB) TB patients’ point of view. Conclusion The health professionals should show the patient high empathy, be patient centered, not only focusing on medication. Unify the multiple services into one service window and provide more information to patients. Initiate to establish patient supporting group may help patient and their family. Moreover it can decrease the non-compliance behavior of TB treatment among the multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases. Methods Qualitative research design, in-depth interview based on semi-structured and open-ended interview guide were used. Face to face interview lasted about 1.5 to 2 hours. Participants agreed to record the interview. We explained the purpose of this study and issues by KMUH-IRB board for ethical consideration. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 42 participants from the data set of Center for Disease Control, reported as MDR-TB case from 2010 to 2015. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview text.