WISER Social Sciences: Google and beyond Penny Schenk Angela Carritt Bodleian Law Library

Tips for evaluating web resources Citing web resources Overview Search engines The Google family Clusty Searching forums using Omgili Searching blogs and feeds using Technorati and Google blog search Tips for evaluating web resources Citing web resources

URLs Google @ http://www.google.co.uk/intl/en/options/ Clusty @ http://clusty.com/ Omgili @ http://www.omgili.com/ Technorati @ http://technorati.com/

Gives you greater control over your search terms Useful for Countries, organisations, concepts Specify that terms must appear in title, links to… Limit your search to a particular web site or group of web sites e.g. .ac.uk to search UK University web sites .edu for US University web sites. gov.uk for UK government website .uk for UK websites generally Go to http://www.google.com I’m going to talk about Google and some of its specialist search engines. Not going to show you this screen because I don’t believe that there will be anyone here who hasn’t used it. I am going to talk about the Advanced search though …and after that I’ll go on to talk about Google Scholar and Google Book search which are two parts of Google. Googles advanced search – apologies to those who use this already. Googles advanced search allows you to search exactly the same content as the regular search screen but allows you to be much more specific about what you are searching for. Top four boxes at the top allow you to specify phrases and words which must appear in your search results, words which shouldn’t appear and Phrase is particularly useful – for example for countries “South Africa”, United Kingdom, organisations, United Nations, “International Monetary Fund”, “World Bank” and for concepts which are always phrased in a particular way, “Human rights, “Balance of payments”, “glass ceiling”. So phrase is very useful All words is also useful as it specifies that all the words entered must appear rather like doing a Boolean And. Whereas at least one word is like doing an OR – you are saying this word or that word must appear – useful for synonyms. Not – is difficult. Women, female Human rights Iran Look relevant. Out of interest you can see how it has done this search by looking in the single box at the top. You can see for example that its put human rights in quote marks. Instead of using google advanced you could put the quote marks in yourself. Show restrict to title, show restrict to links to. Show restrict to pages from a particular country – don’t know how good that is Domain is very useful if you only want to find things from particular organisations or particular types of organisations e.g. if I want something scholarly I could restrict my search to Universities .ac.uk .edu (can’t do both together) You could also restrict to a particular oraganiation – maybe I’m only interested in what the UN has to say on this topic. This can also be quite useful for more trivial matters Which link to – useful perhaps if you have a web page of your own or if you have found a page which is particularly useful – you may want to use this page to broaden your search

Advanced search gives you more control over your search terms Scholar preferences Library links – allows Google to link to full text within Oxford subscriptions Bibliographic manager – allows you to set defaults for exporting to Endnote, RefWorks etc

Link to abstract or full text Find other “versions” in the group e.g. related pre print, article, conference paper. Check Oxford databases for full text version Times this item (or related items in the same “group”) have been cited [citation] – Google hasn’t been able to locate full text. However, full text may be available in one of Oxford’s subscription databases. To check choose “Oxford Full Text” Google Scholar Searches peer-reviewed papers Theses Books abstracts and articles from academic publishers / professional societies / preprint repositories / universities and other scholarly organizations Ranks results according to author, insitution, times cited Choose Preferences This is very important as it will allow you access to the full text held in Oxford’s subscription databases Download into Endnote Choose Advanced Same options for specifying your search terms - “occurs in” is now at the top Also can search by author Limit to a particular publication Date And choose broad subject. I’ll to the same search as before Iran “human rights” female women 1990- What do I get? For each result Title which links to the full text if this is available on the web or an abstract. This one has gone to full text not in fact because its free but because Oxford has a subscription. How did it know? In this case just because we were in the Oxford domain. Bibliographic details After title the first thing to notice is the versions. This is because Google groups items which it considers to be the same or related to one another. For example it will connect a pre print, the published journal article which arose from the pre print, a conference paper etc. If you click on the versions link you will see each item within the group. Worth looking at particularly if the full text didn’t appear of the result you chose- maybe you’ll get access to the pre print Times cited – how many times this article and articles in the same group have been cited. Related items – similar items Web search – just does a normal google search on the article title / author Import into Endnote – puts the details into your Endnote library This one is a book – going to look at Google Books separately so I won’t look at that one now. Third one down doesn’t take you to the full text. If I click on FindatOxford then it will take me to Oxford University e-Journals – its asked SFX and tells me it is in Swetswise Authors – who have come up

Google books What does Google books search? Which books? The full text of books Which books? Library collections digitised by Google Book submitted by publishers and authors What do you get? Full text – if the book is out of copyright / Google has permission Preview – a few relevant pages Snippets – v small amounts of relevant text Bibliographic details What if I want to read the whole thing and its not available? Google provides links to find it in a local library / buy it online! Google Books Google books is like Google Scholar but only searches books. What is the difference between Google scholar and Google books? – only books (not preprints, journal articles) etc, not necessarily scholarly although many are. Google books – last night I found Sheep in a Jeep! Google books searches the full text of books available on Google. Once its found a book it may give you: the full text of the book – you can read the whole thing, it may give you a preview (just a few pages that wil help you to decide whether you want the book or not) or it may just give you three snippets showing the context of where your search terms occurred) Or if may just give you the bibliographic details. However, it will have searched the full text even if it isn’t giving you the full text. Whats on there? Books digitised as part of Googles’ Library project – so for example here in Oxford the Bodleians collection of 18th century books has been digitised and they are (or will be) available in full text to everyone. There are also collections from many other libraries being digitised for example New York Public Library, Harvard, Princeton etc. With some of these books you’ll get the full text – for example all the books digitsed in oxford are included in full text – because they are out of copyright. Some of the other libraries have digitised copyrigthted books so for these you will just get a snippet or preview. In addition to these projects Google publishers and authors submit books to Google for inclusion in Google books. Of course with those submitted by publishers and authors in particular you are not going to get full text. Publishers and authors include them so that you are tempted to buy them.

Google Blog Search Choose more >> from Google home page See what bloggers are saying on a topic Advanced options allow you to choose specific authors, dates, sites etc.

advanced options restrict by words in blog title restrict by site search for words contained in posts restrict by words in blog title restrict by site restrict by blogger restrict by date range restrict by language

Date options available on results page

alerts based on blog search Several options available for receiving ongoing updates when search terms are matched in blogs – email, gadget on Google homepage, subscription in feed reader

Google Image Search Available on Google home page Can choose file format, size of image, content i.e. faces Can narrow search to a particular site

Restricted to grayscale, containing faces

Clusty Sorts results into related “clusters” Useful for zeroing in on what you were looking for and ignoring irrelevant results Can view results by type of domain, i.e. .com, .edu, .org

sub-categories on left

View results sorted by a specific sub-topic

results sorted by domain suffixes

Omgili Good for sampling general online discussion of a topic Can generate graphs of what’s being talked about, gauge popularity over time

search a particular forum

advanced search options

Results from chosen forum

Technorati Full-featured blog searching Popular and recent searches, Top Blogs See which blogs link to a particular site Search by blog post tags

advanced blog search

See what bloggers say about a site

Evaluating web resources

How reliable is the web page you are looking at How reliable is the web page you are looking at? …how much does it matter? …don’t get caught out.

Are key web sites web sites? Who’s linking to it? Are key web sites web sites? Is it on Intute / other portals that you trust? Is it mentioned in key research guides? How up to date is it? Last updated statement Last event mentioned? Last article cited? Could it be a hoax? Check Who wrote it? (person / organisation) How knowledgeable are they? (check their facts against what you know) Why did they write it? Do they belong to an organisation? Look at the URL of the web page Do they belong to an organisation you trust? University (.ac.uk, .edu) Government (.gov) Pressure group (biased? Reputable/Alarmist?) BBC? Who are they? (If its really important do a search on their name) Library catalogue Indexing and abstracting service Google

Citing electronic resources …some general tips and examples …some specific examples using Harvard and Oscola …be sure to check the style guide suggested by your department …even if you are using Harvard

Make sure you give enough information for the reader to find the resource Giving the URL is not enough…the web page may be moved or deleted

Citing online journals If the online version is exactly the same as the print version (including pagination) cite the print version Useful for databases carrying scanned versions of print journals If not, cite in the same way as a print journal but add the name of the database and/or URL

Citing web pages: general Author (personal or corporate) Year published / last updated (if available) Document / page title (if available) Title of the complete work/website or type of document URL Date you accessed it

BBC 2007 Musharraf vows polls in February (BBC News) Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7084839.stm [Accessed 8 November 2007]

Wikipedia, last updated 8 Nov 2007 Pervez Musharraf (Wikipedia) Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf [Accessed 9 Nov 2007]

Musharraf, P 2005 President's address at international seminar on global terrorism (Presidential Speeches on President of Pakistan web site). Available at http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/FilesSpeeches/Policy/8302005111013PMPresidents%20address[1].pdf [Accessed 9 Novembr 2007]

How do you cite a quotation if there are no page or paragraph numbers? According to APA Cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material e.g. Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1

Two examples Harvard Author, Initials., Year (given on site or if not available accessed date). Title of document or page. [type of medium]. [Online] Website Address Locating details (eg. Breadcrumb) [Accessed date] Oscola Author, title, type of document (if relevant), date of issue (if available), web address and date of access (if the document / website subject to change)

Harvard BBC 2007 Musharraf vows polls in February (BBC News) [online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7084839.stm [Accessed 8 November 2007] Oscola BBC ’Mushaffaf vows polls in February’ (BBC News) 8 November 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7084839.stm accessed 8 November 2007

Harvard Wikipedia, last updated 8 Nov 2007 Pervez Musharraf (Wikipedia) [online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf [Accessed 9 Nov 2007] Oscola Wikipedia ‘Pervez Musharraf’ (Wikipedia) 8 November 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf accessed 9 Nov 2007

Harvard Musharraf, P 2005 President's address at international seminar on global terrorism (Presidential Speeches on President of Pakistan web site). [online] http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/FilesSpeeches/Policy/8302005111013PMPresidents%20address[1].pdf [Accessed 9 November 2007] Oscola Pervez Musharraf ‘President's address at international seminar on global terrorism’ (Presidential Speeches on President of Pakistan web site) http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/FilesSpeeches/Policy/8302005111013PMPresidents%20address[1].pdf accessed 8 November 2007