Disaster management in India Anand Patwardhan IIT-Bombay

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay2 Why? Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate- related) disasters

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay3 Mortality due to natural hazards

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay4 Average annual impacts from natural hazards Mortality: 3600 Crop area: 1.42 million hectares Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay5 Exposure to natural hazards 40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area) 54% area exposed to seismic activity East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast) exposed to cyclone risk A preliminary assessment of exposure to major hazard categories has been done in (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check: Trying to put this information in a GIS format

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay6

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8 Disaster management Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and financial support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay9 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES Natural DisastersAgriculture Air Accidents Civil Aviation Civil StrifeHome Affairs Railway AccidentsRailways Chemical DisastersEnvironment Biological DisastersHealth & family Welfare Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay10 National response mechanism

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay11 MANAGEMENT MECHANISM * Integrated Administrative Machinery *National Contingency Action Plan - identify initiatives by various agencies *Department of Agriculture & Cooperation - the Nodal Department *Central Relief Commissioner - Chief Nodal Officer at National level *State/District Contingency Plans and Relief Manuals

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay12 Natural Disaster Response- Government of India National Crisis Management Committee(NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary Crisis Management Group(CMG) under Central Relief Commissioner Group of Ministers, Group of Secretaries and High Level Committees-Need base

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay13 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Armed Forces-Ministry of Defence Central Para Military Forces- Ministry of Home Affairs International Response- Ministry of External Affairs

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay14 GOI Departments for Disaster Response Ministries/Departments : Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom, Health, Urban Development Food & Public Distribution, Shipping Surface Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation Women & Child Development Water Resources, Animal Husbandry India Meteorological Department(IMD)

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay15 DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY- SALIENT FEATURES *Recognition of linkages between natural disasters and development *Connecting of specific programmes like DPAP, DDP, NWDPRA and Wasteland Development Programme for managing natural disasters *Emphasis on forecasting and warning using advanced technology

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay16 CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES *Human resource Development *Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM) *Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States *Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness *Observing National Disaster Reduction Day *Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay17 External Assistance -Policy No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay18 DISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE STATES STATE CABINET STATES CRISIS MANAGEMENT GROUP: HEADED BY CHIEF SECRETARY. INSTITUTION OF RELIEF COMMISSIONERS IN STATES STATES/DISTRICTS CONTINGENCY PLAN S / RELIEF CODES.

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay19 Example: AP cyclone hazard mitigation project outcomes Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants) IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar Infrastructure creation and restoration Floods – drains & embankments Road restoration Storm shelters Electricity transmission and distribution What about system / process capabilities?

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay20 Observations Recognition of linkage between natural hazards and development Connecting developmental programs (DPAP, NWDB) to disaster management Forecasting and warning (technology use) Contingency planning Foodgrain availability Preparedness Adaptive capacity by creating a management system However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through

Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay21 Underlying questions How can we evaluate the portfolio of disaster management projects to: Assess implications of climate change for project benefits? Assess implications of project for reducing vulnerability to climate change? Related question: How can we incrementally adjust project design or implementation to enhance climate change related benefits?