Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health Chapter 11 “The dose makes the poison” Paracelsus, 1540

Key Concepts Types of hazards people face Methods of toxicology Types of measurement of chemical hazards Types and effects of biological hazards Risk estimates, management, and reductions

Risk and Probability Risk Probability Risk assessment Risk management Fig. 11-2 p. 229

Hazards Cultural hazards Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards Fig. 11-1 p. 228

Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism Fig. 11-4 p. 231 Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism Response Acute effect Chronic effect Fig. 11-3 p. 230

Poisons Poison LD50 Median lethal doze Fig. 11-5 p. 231

Dose-Response Curves Dose-Response Non-threshold Threshold

Chemical Hazards Hazardous chemicals Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens Neurotoxins Hormonally active agents Precautionary principle

Biological Hazards: Diseases Nontransmissible disease Transmissible disease Pathogens Vectors Antibiotic Resistance Malaria AIDS Fig. 11-14 p. 243

Risk Analysis Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis Fig. 11-17 p. 247 Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis Cost-benefit analysis Risk management Risk perception

Risk Analysis Group Activity