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Big Ideas Past and Present Ideas about wealth during the last part of the 1800s continue to affect society today. Section 3-Main Idea

Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary individualism Social Darwinism philanthropy settlement house Americanization Academic Vocabulary evolution publish Section 3-Key Terms

People and Events to Identify Gilded Age Gospel of Wealth Mark Twain Social Gospel Jane Addams Section 3-Key Terms

Section 3-Polling Question Do you feel that people have total control over the direction of their lives or that outside forces play a role as well? A. Total control B. Outside forces A B Section 3-Polling Question

Social Darwinism Individualism and Social Darwinism shaped Americans’ attitudes toward industrial society. Section 3

Social Darwinism (cont.) In 1872, Mark Twain and Charles Warner wrote a novel entitled The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. By calling this era the Gilded Age, they were warning others that something might appear to sparkle, but the inside is probably made of cheaper material. Whether the era was golden or merely gilded, it was certainly a time of great cultural activity. Section 3

Social Darwinism (cont.) One of the strongest beliefs of the era was the idea of individualism. Horatio Alger wrote more than 100 “rags to riches” stories. Another powerful idea was Social Darwinism. British philosopher Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection to human society. Section 3

Social Darwinism (cont.) For many devout Christians, however, Darwin’s conclusions were upsetting and offensive. Andrew Carnegie advocated a gentler version of Social Darwinism that he called the Gospel of Wealth. This philosophy held that wealthy Americans should engage in philanthropy and use their great fortunes to create conditions that would help people help themselves. Section 3

Andrew Carnegie helped fund the creation of which of the following in order to help people better themselves? A. Museums B. Schools C. Public libraries D. Parks A B C D Section 3

A Changing Culture Artists and writers began portraying life in America more realistically, and cities offered new forms of entertainment. Section 3

A Changing Culture (cont.) A new movement in art and literature called realism began in the 1800s. Artists and writers tried to portray the world realistically. Perhaps the best-known American painter was Thomas Eakins. William Dean Howells and Mark Twain are two famous writers from this era. Section 3

A Changing Culture (cont.) Popular culture changed considerably in the late 1800s. As a place for social gathering, saloons played a major role in the lives of male workers. Amusement parks and watching professional sports also became popular during the late 1800s. Section 3

A Changing Culture (cont.) Playing tennis, golf, and croquet became popular. Vaudeville and ragtime music echoed the hectic pace of city life. Section 3

Which sport was invented in 1891? A. Soccer B. Baseball C. Basketball D. Volleyball A B C D Section 3

Politics in Washington The two major parties were closely competitive in the late 1800s; tariff rates and big business regulation were hotly debated political issues. Section 3

Politics in Washington (cont.) When Rutherford B. Hayes became president in 1877, he tried to end patronage by firing officials who had been given their jobs under the spoils system. His actions divided the Republican Party between “Stalwarts” (who supported patronage) and the “Halfbreeds” (who opposed it). Section 3

Politics in Washington (cont.) When James A. Garfield became president, his assassination turned public opinion against the spoils system and in 1833 Congress passed the Pendleton Act. This marked the beginning of professional civil service. Section 3

Politics in Washington (cont.) In 1884, the Democratic Party nominated Grover Cleveland for president and the Republican Party nominated James G. Blaine. As the first elected Democratic president since 1856, Grover Cleveland faced a horde of supporters who expected him to reward them with jobs. However, “Mugwumps” expected him to increase the number of jobs protected by the civil service system. Section 3

individualism the thought that no matter what a person’s background was, they could still become successful Vocab12

Social Darwinism based on Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution and natural selection, states that humans have developed through competition and natural selection with only the strongest surviving Vocab13

philanthropy providing money to support humanitarian or social goals Vocab14

evolution the scientific theory that humans and other forms of life have evolved over time Vocab17