An Age of Ideologies Ch. 4 Section 1

Ideology: a set of beliefs LIBERALISM NATIONALISM CONSERVATISM Revolutionary changes. Questions authority of church and monarchy. Support constitutional gov’t, equality of all citizens, and a republic. Priority: Individual natural rights, freedoms, equality. Extreme pride and patriotism for one’s country. Goal: national unity for people with a common ethnic heritage. Sense of superiority, competition, rivalry. Can cause racism, ethnocentrism, ethnic or religious conflicts, and religious prejudice. Sense of traditional, old-fashioned values (“ancién régime”) Support an official established church or religion. Hierarchical society in which kings, nobles, and clergy are dominant. Against constitutional government. Priority: The strength of the nation.

Identify the ideology: “We are sleeping on a volcano… Do you not see that the Earth trembles anew? The wind of revolution blows, the storm is on the horizon!”- Alexis de Tocqueville “When France sneezes, Europe catches cold.”- Prince Metternich “My country gave me life, I will give my country liberty!” –Italian opera La Muette

EMPIRES OF EASTERN EUROPE AUSTRIA OTTOMAN EMPIRE RUSSIA Very ethnically diverse. Established religion is Catholic/Christian. Est. religion is Islam, but tolerant of Christians and Jews. Est. religion is Orthodox (Eastern) Christian. Ruled by the Hapsburg family dynasty. Ruled by Sultan Mahmoud II. Ruled by the Romanov family dynasty.

EUROPE IN 1815- After the Congress of Vienna

What was the outcome of the Congress of Vienna? Created “peace” for 100 years. But they failed to see that NATIONALISM would have a lasting impact on European politics.

Central Europe Challenges the “Old Order” Rebellions erupt in the Balkans. Very diverse region under Ottoman and Austrian rule for 300 years. A.) Serbia Seeks Independence Serbia is a Slavic nation (like Russia). Serbia wants autonomy (self-rule); Russia wants to help.

Central Europe Challenges the “Old Order” B.) Greece Revolts against Ottoman Rule. 1821- Greek war for independence. Pressured to accept a German king in 1830.

Central Europe Challenges the “Old Order” C.) More Revolts: Spain, Portugal, and parts of Italy experience nationalist revolts. Armies attacked nationalist movements, but could not kill them. New industrial working class leads nationalist revolts. Mid-1830s: Unstoppable revolution has spread all over Europe.