MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISHES

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Presentation transcript:

MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISHES Dr.B.AHILAN, Ph.D Associate Professor Dept. of Aquaculture Fisheries College and Research Institute Thoothukudi

Ornamental sponges Clathria Bowl sponge neptune's cup sponge Red sponge, Amphimedeon

IMPORTANT FAMILIES Acanthuridae :12 species Balistidae : 8 Scaridae : 9 Labridae : 6 Syngnathidae : 6 Chaetodontidae : 15 Haemulidae : 3 Pomacanthidae : 3

IMPORTANT FAMILIES contd.. Triacanthidae : 3 species Monacanthidae : 2 Scorpaenidae : 2 Theraponidae : 2 Diodontidae : 1 Caesionidae : 1 Dasyatidae : 1 Grammastidae : 1 (Pogonoperca punctata) Malacanthidae : 1 Zanculidae : 1

Families contd… Ostracidae (Tetrasomus, Lactaria) Tetradontidae Food fishes / not considered as ornamentals Lutjanidae Serranidae (Epinephelus group) Siganidae Nemipteridae Mullidae

Syngnathidae Pipe fishes and seahorses Small in size Pipe fishes: long and slender with bony exterior Seahorses: Horse like;brood pouch in male Pectoral, anal and caudal fins absent Feed - zooplankton, copepods, isopods and amphipods Seahorse four species(Lipton, 1996) Hippocampus kuda, H. fuscus, H. trimaculatus, (H. histrix), H. spinifera Schedule 1 of Wild Life Protection Act

Hippocampus kuda

Scorpion fishes Mostly venomous Most popular aquariculture sp About 30cm Color red, brown or gray Feed - crabs and small fishes Nocturnal Pterois volitans

Pterois volitans-red lion fish

Pseudochromidae Small Lives under boulders Pseudochromis and Acanthochromis

Chaetodontidae World wide 113 sp Feed - coral, algae, small benthic invertebrates Monogamy Chaetodon, Heniochus Small buoyant eggs Hatching 24-48 hrs

Chaetodon collare

Pomacanthidae Angel fishes Stout backward projecting spine on the lower edge of operculum Centropage- small in size - <8cm- Feed algae Form harems of single dominant male and several females Pomacanthus relatively larger- 40-45cm Feed-sponge supplemented with algae, tunicates Monogamous P. annularis, P. imperator

Pomacanthus annularis

Pomacanthus semicirculatus

Pomacanthus

Pomacentridae Damsel fishes- anemone fishes The tentacles touch, poison, and kill fish except for the clown fish. Protects the clown fish from predators. Chromis - Guards a small plot of turf for feeding Abudefduf Amphiprion: 100- 500 eggs deposited on firm substrate Parental care-guards the egg Egg predation-wrasses and butterfly fishes

Amphiprion clarkii

Amphiprion sebae

Chromis sp

Abudefduf sexfasciatus

Clown fish in anemones

Labridae Wrasses Iniistius [Xyrichthys], Thalassoma , Coris Eats eggs of damsel fish Omnivorous Feed-crabs, shrimps, Polychaetes, Zooplankton Harem found in Labroides - single dominant male followed by several females

Iniistius pavo

Coris formosa

Scaridae Parrot fishes Fussed jaw teeth Feed - coral polyps Scarus gibbus

Chlorurus gibbus (Scarus gibbus)

Gobiidae World species exceed 1600 Wide distribution- fw, estuarine, coral reefs Cryptocentrus obliquus-pink spot shrimp goby Omnivorous Easy to maintain Makes protective burrows Lays eggs in clusters-guard by parents Successfully bred

Cryptocentrus leptocephalus (C.obliquus)

Acanthuridae Surgeon fish Acanthurus, Naso, Zebrasoma Bony, knife like structure in the middle of the tail. Naso- two spines

Acanthurus leucosternon

Naso brevirostris

Zebrasoma veliferum

Balistidae Triggerfish Odonus niger - highly abundant Feeds- sea urchin, starfish,crabs and shrimps Size>30cm

Odonus niger

Balistoides viridescens

Zanculus cornutus Rare Species Bolbometopon muricatum Pogonoperca punctata Low population,- Low fecundity Coral destruction High natural mortality Predation

Zanculus cornutus

Porcuppine fish

Box fishes Ostracion

BREEDING METHODS Egg depositors : Clown fishes Mouth Brooder : Apogonids Pouch breeders : Sea horses Egg scatterers Problem in Breeding Breeding Successful - Sea horses, Anemone fishes, Chaetodon, Pseudochromis, Gobiosoma sp

BREEDING contd Technology not reliable or inefficient to sustain as an industry Srilanka- Natural collection and marketing for 50 sp India - Damselfish, Amphiprion sebae, A. chrysogaster, Hippocampus kuda Egg scatters are difficult to breed Butterfly fish, Angel fish, Wrasses -more difficult to raise Low fecundity Non availability of quality live feed Thermoregulation for breeding Daily checking of pairing

FISHERY Least exploited Gears Lift net Seine net Scoop net Traps Hand picking – skin divers Stupefying methods / icthyocides - cyanide, clove oil Crevice dwellers and Caverns- no specific fishing method

CHOOSING A RIGHT FISH FOR AQUARIUM Avoidance of sensitive sp Stocking compatible sp Less fish stock-easily feeding – Anemone fishes, Gobids Communal living (different type feeders) Stocking cheap varieties Segregating big predators (Grouper)

THANK YOU