Figure Number: 16-00CO Title: Some Substituted Benzene Compounds

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Figure Number: 16-00CO Title: Some Substituted Benzene Compounds Caption: Ball-and-stick models of chlorobenzene, meta-bromobenzoic acid, ortho-chloronitrobenzene, and para-iodobenzenesulfonic acid. Notes: Many natural and synthetic drugs are aromatic compounds which are made from simple substituted benzene compounds. Substituents already attached to benzene rings determine the manner in which electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be used to attach further substituents to these benzene rings.

Figure Number: 16-00-53.1UN Title: Anisole, Benzene, and Nitrobenzene Caption: Electrostatic potential maps of anisole, benzene, and nitrobenzene. Notes: The electrostatic potential maps show an increase in electron density (red color) relative to unsubstituted benzene as the substituent changes from nitro (electron withdrawing) to methoxy (electron donating).

Figure Number: 16-04 Title: Figure 16.4 Caption: Orbital pictures of the pi bond formed by overlap of adjacent p orbitals in an ordinary triple bond and in benzyne. Notes: The nonlinear alignment of the four carbon atoms in benzyne involved in the sp hybridization of the two triple-bond-bearing carbon atoms prior to bonding makes for poor overlap of the p atomic orbitals on these two carbon atoms prior to forming the triple bond, and leads to a very unstable triple bond relative to an ordinary triple bond.

Figure Number: 16-04-75P56 Title: End-of-Chapter Problem 56 Caption: Proton NMR spectrum associated with end-of-chapter Problem 56. Notes: The figure shows a proton NMR spectrum obtained from a compound which forms benzoic acid when reacted with an acidic solution of sodium dichromate. Determine the identity of the compound responsible for the NMR spectrum.

Figure Number: 16-TB01 Title: Table 16.1 The effects of Substituents on The Reactivity of a Benzene Ring Toward Electrophilic Substitution Caption: Notes: