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İnflyasiya makroiqtisadi tarazlıq kontekstində İqtisadi Tədqiqatlar Mərkəzi İnflyasiya makroiqtisadi tarazlıq kontekstində Vüsal Qasımlı, Bakı, 2009

Dekabrda (2008)ən çox ucuzalaşan qiymətlər Adı DEKABR respublika üzrə orta qiyməti (AZN) NOYABR Azalma faizi Əla növ buğda çörəyi 0.38 0.482 0.73% Çovdar çörəyi 0.41 0.48 15.55% Laminat parketi 11.28 11.91 5.26% Sümüksüz mal əti (tikə) 6.62 6.78 2.34% Kişi üçün yun parçadan kostyum 98.56 126.50 22.08%

İqtisadi Tədqiqatlar Mərkəzi Nailiyyətlər Dekabrda (2008) ən çox bahalaşan mallar İqtisadi Tədqiqatlar Mərkəzi Nailiyyətlər Adı DEKABR NOYABR ARTMA faizi respublika üzrə orta qiyməti (AZN) 1 Şirin bibər 0.84 0.67 24.47% 2 Ağ balıq 6.25 5.27 18.54% 3 Göyərti 0.19 0.16 15.27% 5 Elektroduxovka 60.73 56.15 8.16%

2008-ci ilin dekabrında inflyasiya   Bakı REGİON Umimi İQİ -0,81 -1,26 -1,04 Ərzaq: -0,95 -2,32 -1,64 Çörək, un məmulatları və yarma -9,52 -8,72 -9,11 Ət, quş əti və balıq məhsulları 0,20 -2,51 -1,17 Süd, süd məhsulları və yumurta -0,69 -2,81 -1,76 Yağ məhsulları 0,08 -1,07 -0,50 Meyvə və tərəvəz 4,39 2,95 3,67 Şəkər, çay, ədviyyat 0,24 -1,65 -0,72 İçkilər və tütün 0,22 0,06 0,14 Qeyri-ərzaq: -0,37 -0,77 Geyim və ayaqqabı -4,20 0,98 -1,59 Tikinti Materialları -0,05 -0,33 -0,19 Təsərrüfat Malları -0,28 -0,90 -0,60 Xidmət 0,01 0,41 0,21

15,41 İllik İnflyasiya BAKI REGION UMUMI CPI 14,57 16,27 Erzaq 19,80   BAKI REGION UMUMI CPI 14,57 16,27 15,41 Erzaq 19,80 15,89 19,05 Qeyri-Erzaq 7,91 18,54 12,45 Xidmet 5,54 13,91 9,44

İnflyasiyanı yaradan səbəblər Xidmət 1 faiz bahalaşanda inflyasiya 0,2 faiz, qeyri-ərzaq 1 faiz bahalaşanda inflyasiya 0,25 faiz və ərzaq məhsulları 1 fazi bahalaşnda inflyasiya 0,55 % artır.

Inflyasiyanın ərzaq, qeyri-ərzaq və xidmətlərin indeksindən asılılığı Dependent Variable: CPI Method: Least Squares Date: 12/23/08 Time: 17:27 Sample: 2008M01 2008M11 Included observations: 11 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.   NP 0.254539 0.001528 166.5639 0.0000 P 0.540282 0.000413 1309.694 0.0000 S 0.205893 0.001987 103.6397 0.0000 C -0.002934 0.001373 -2.136495 0.0700 R-squared 0.999999     Mean dependent var 1.421818 Adjusted R-squared 0.999999     S.D. dependent var 1.839689 S.E. of regression 0.002182     Akaike info criterion -9.141443 Sum squared resid 3.33E-05     Schwarz criterion -8.996754 Log likelihood 54.27794     Hannan-Quinn criter. -9.232650 F-statistic 2368514.     Durbin-Watson stat 1.940265 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

Yeni Keyns-Filips əyrisi (New Keynesian Philips curve) Prinsip: İnflyasiya gözlənilən gələcək inflyasiya və bir lag geri işsizlik səviyyəsindən asılıdır (New Keynesian Phillips curves describe how past inflation, expected future inflation, and a measure of real marginal cost or an output gap drive the current inflation rate.) 2000-2008-ci illərdə işsizliyin 1,6 faiz azalması inflyasiyanı 0,5 faiz artırıb (Metod: Generalized Method of Moments; Mənbə:DSK)

Yeni Keyns-Filips əyrisi modelinin adekvatlığı

İnflyasiya və işsizilk

Azərbaycan iqtisadiyyatı üçün məqbul inflyasiya həddi 8-10%

Sahələrarası balans əsasında inflyasiyanın proqnozlaşdırılması Xərclər-buraxılış modeli əsasında üç matris qurulub: Birbaşa xərc əmsalları matrisi; Tam materail xərcləri matrisi; Tam əmsallar matrisi. Modeldən alınan nəticə: Neft məhsulları, elektrik enerjisi, qaz, su və komunal tarifləri 25 faiz aşağı düşsə, ümumi inflyasiya səviyyəsi 2 faiz azalacaq.

Avtomobil benzini Aİ-95 1 ton üçün topdansatış qiymətinin strukturu Aİ-95 benzinin topdan qiymətini 25 faiz ucuzlaşdırmaq üçün aksiz vergisini 60 faiz aşağı salmaq lazımdır

Istehlak funksiyası LOG(CONS) = 2.4 + 0.04*LOG(CONS(-1)) + 0.6*LOG(Y)

Simulyasiya modeli: ÜDM-in inkişaf ssenarisi (2009-2010) Dövlət xərcləmələri 1,3 mlrd. AZN az olacağı təqdirdə

ÜDM-in inkişaf ssenarisi ÜDM-in bazar qiymətlərilə həcmi (milyon AZN)  2009 2010 Ssenari (dövlət xərcləri 1,3 milyard AZN az olarsa) 35404 35325 Rəsmi proqnoz 36581 39387 Tənliklər sistemi: y = cons + i + g + ex - im + discrepancy log(cons) = @coef(1) + @coef(2) * log(cons(-1)) + @coef(3) * log(y)

İS – LM - Makro ekonometrik model The equilibrium the IS-LM model obtains is the demand equilibrium for the economy. All economic aggregates, including national income and the rate of interest adjust, so that the demand for product equals national income, and the demand for money equals the supply of money. Mənbə: Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts (Text alone), 4th Edition Robert S Pindyck, Massachusetts Institute of Tech  Daniel L Rubinfeld, UNIV OF CALIF-BERKELEY 

Worksheet Private consumption CN = 1072.4 + 0.2*Y + 0.6*CN(-1) Private investment I = -6525 - 0.12*(Y(-1)-Y(-2)) + 0.28*Y + 468.62*R(-4) Interest rate R = 7.72 - 0.0007*Y - 0.00015*(Y-Y(-1)) + 0.007*(M-M(-1)) + 0.31*(R(-1)+R(-2))

A GRAPH REPRESENTATION OF A BASIC MACROECONOMIC SCHEME: THE IS-LM MODEL

Cobb-Douglass production function Əmək ehtiyatlarının 1 faiz artımı ÜDM-i 4,1 faiz, Əsas fondların1 faiz artımı isə ÜDM-i 1,5 faiz artırır Dependent Variable: LOG(VA) Method: Least Squares Date: 01/14/09 Time: 19:32 Sample: 1995 2007 Included observations: 13 LOG(VA) = C(1) + C(2)*LOG(ES_F) + C(3)*LOG(L) Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.   C(1) -41.05890 21.29152 -1.928416 0.0827 C(2) 1.539825 0.211535 7.279305 0.0000 C(3) 4.171949 2.832914 1.472671 0.1716 R-squared 0.990465     Mean dependent var 8.704506 Adjusted R-squared 0.988558      S.D. dependent var 0.760041 S.E. of regression 0.081299      Akaike info criterion -1.982201 Sum squared resid 0.066095      Schwarz criterion -1.851828 Log likelihood 15.88431      Hannan-Quinn criter. -2.008998 F-statistic 519.3947   Durbin-Watson stat 1.792320 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

Challenges and proposals Unit labor costs rise - compensation and benefits rise faster than labor productivity (Cobb-Douglass production function). REER undervaluation approximatly -15%, it is disputable; Inflation targeting; Transmission mechanism have to be facilitated; There has to be found equilbrium between IS and LM – 8-10% inflation rate (NAIRU); To reduce state-regulated prices up to 25%.

İqtisadi Tədqiqatlar Mərkəzi Təşəkkür edirik!