Arc Hydro and Time Series Presented by David R. Maidment At ESRI, Redlands CA 15 January 2004

Hydrologic Information System Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase

Arc Hydro Components Drainage System Hydro Network Time Series Flow Time Time Series Channel System Hydrography

Time Series Data indexed by time A time series is a sequence of (time, value) pairs Represents a single type of information e.g. streamflow Many existing time series databases are not linked to GIS Flow Time

Time and Space in GIS Time Series Feature Series Attribute Series Variable t3 Value t2 t1 Time Attribute Series Raster Series Value t3 t1 t2 t2 t1 t3 y x

Time Series and Temporal Geoprocessing DHI Time Series Manager Time Series Feature Series Time Variable t3 Value t2 t1 Time Attribute Series Raster Series Value t3 t3 t2 t1 t2 t1 y x ArcGIS Temporal Geoprocessing

Time Series A sequence of {time, value} pairs Exists independently of GIS May be associated with 0, 1 or many spatial features Displayed using graphs Measured at gages Generated by simulation models Time Series Time Variable Value Time

Attribute Series A sequence of {featureID, time, value} triplets Features have time series Feature classes have attribute series Attribute series is a feature attribute that varies through time Features have fixed shape Time Series Attribute Series t3 t2 t1 Feature Attributes

Arc Hydro Attribute Series Object TSDateTime TSValue FeatureID TSType

Arc Hydro Attribute Series Feature Class (HydroID) Attribute Series Table (FeatureID)

Attribute Series Typing TSType Attribute Series 1 * Type Units Regular …. FeatureID Type Time Value Map time series e.g. Nexrad Collections of values recorded at various locations and times e.g. water quality samples This is current Arc Hydro time series structure

Raster Series A sequence of {time, raster} pairs Stored in a time-indexed raster catalog Shares same time series type classification as other forms of time series Produced by time-indexed geoprocessing operations Raster Series Value t3 t2 t1 y x

Feature Series A sequence of {shape, time, value} triplets Feature geometry varies through time Features may vary in shape and location in space Produced by observation or by classification of phenomena in raster series Feature Series t3 t2 t1

Time Series Types Need to classify time series into Types so that functions can be applied appropriately All series should share the same typing system Many aspects of typing numerical data from physical time series GIS data have categorical, ordinal, interval and ratio types

Arc Hydro Case Studies GoldSim linked to Arc Hydro Tracking Analyst for displaying Arc Hydro attribute series data MaptoMap: From Nexrad rain map to a flood plain map using Model Builder, Arc Hydro and the HEC models Temporal Geoprocessing for Hydroperiod at the South Florida Water Management District Then Michael Blongewicz will present the DHI Time Series Manager

GoldSim

Step 1: Initiate the Model

Step 2: Specify Time Horizon and Number of Time Steps

Step 3: Use Monte Carlo Analysis?

Step 4: Add Model Elements

Arc Hydro Attribute Series Feature Class (HydroID) Attribute Series Table (FeatureID)

Arc Hydro TSType Table Arc Hydro has 6 Time Series DataTypes Units of measure Regular or Irregular Time interval Type Of Time Series Info Recorded or Generated Type Index Variable Name Arc Hydro has 6 Time Series DataTypes Instantaneous Cumulative Incremental Average Maximum Minimum

Type of Time Series Gold Sim Types Arc Hydro Type 1. Instantaneous

GoldSim Demo

Arc Hydro Case Studies GoldSim linked to Arc Hydro Tracking Analyst for displaying Arc Hydro attribute series data MaptoMap: From Nexrad rain map to a flood plain map using Model Builder, Arc Hydro and the HEC models Temporal Geoprocessing for Hydroperiod at the South Florida Water Management District Then Michael Blongewicz will present the DHI Time Series Manager

Tracking Analyst Data Structures Simple Event One table Contains at least date/time of observation Complex Event Two tables Object can be stationary or dynamic (depending on whether geometry and time are on same table)

Simple Events (1 Table) ID Time Geometry Value 1 T1 X1,Y1 0.1 2 T2 0.3 T3 X3,Y3 0.7 T4 X4,Y4 0.4 3 T5 X5,Y5 0.5 T6 X6,Y6 0.2 4 T7 X7,Y7 T8 X8,Y8 0.8 T9 X9,Y9 Unique Identifier for objects being tracked through time Observation Time of observation (in order) Geometry of observation

Complex Event (static version) ID Time Value 1 T1 0.1 2 T2 0.3 T3 0.7 T4 0.4 3 T5 0.5 T6 0.2 4 T7 T8 0.8 T9 ID Geometry 1 X1,Y1 2 X2,Y2 3 X3,Y3 4 X4,Y4 This is an Attribute Series The object maintains its geometry (i.e. it is stationary and has fixed shape)

Complex Event (dynamic version) ID Geometry Time Value 1 X1,Y1 T1 0.1 2 X2,Y2 T2 0.3 X3,Y3 T3 0.7 X4,Y4 T4 0.4 3 X5,Y5 T5 0.5 X6,Y6 T6 0.2 4 X7,Y7 T7 X8,Y8 T8 0.8 X9,Y9 T9 ID Gage Number 1 1001 2 1002 3 1003 4 1004 This is a Feature Series The object’s geometry can vary with time (i.e. shape can change or relocate)

Concept of Temporal Layer Take the attribute series table, and join the feature class to that table Shape is then attached to all attribute series records (one shape for many records) This is a “Time Centric” view. Bring space to time rather than time to space

Irregularly recorded water quality data form an Attribute Series A point feature class defines the spatial framework Many variables defined at each point Time of measurement is irregular May be derived from a Laboratory Information Management System Field samples Laboratory Database

Fecal Coliform in Galveston Bay (Irregularly measured data, 1995-2001) Coliform Units per 100 ml Tracking Analyst Demo

Tracking Analyst Demo

Nexrad over South Florida Real-time radar rainfall data calibrated to raingages Received each 15 minutes 2 km grid Stored by SFWMD in Arc Hydro time series format

Nexrad data as Attribute Series Display as a temporal layer in Tracking Analyst

Nexrad Animation (produced with Tracking Analyst) Tracking Analyst animations need a time stamp displayed on them Tracking Analyst needs to be able to display Raster Series It would be nice to have a “animate raster series” tool in Spatial Analyst

Arc Hydro Case Studies GoldSim linked to Arc Hydro Tracking Analyst for displaying Arc Hydro attribute series data MaptoMap: From Nexrad rain map to a flood plain map using Model Builder, Arc Hydro and the HEC models Temporal Geoprocessing for Hydroperiod at the South Florida Water Management District Then Michael Blongewicz will present the DHI Time Series Manager

GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models Interface Model 1 Database Model 2 Model 3

Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models GIS Interface data models HMS Geo Database Arc Hydro data model RAS WRAP

Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Master Plan for San Antonio City of San Antonio Good morning. It’s my pleasure to share with you an example of regional cooperation within Bexar County.

San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System Geospatial Data: City, County SARA, other “Bring the models together” Modeling System Rainfall Data: Rain gages Nexrad Calibration Data: Flows Water Quality Floodplain Management Capital Improvement Planning Water quality planning Integrated Regional Water Resources planning Flood Forecasting

Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study Salado Creek watershed Components: Arc Hydro Geodatabase for whole watershed HEC-HMS hydrology model HEC-RAS hydraulic model for Rosillo Creek Bexar County Rosillo Creek watershed

Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS HEC-HMS Hydrologic Model Arc Hydro Schematic Network Calculates Flows

Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS HEC-RAS Hydraulic Calculates Water Surface Model Calculates Water Surface Elevations Arc Hydro Channel Cross Sections

HEC Data Storage System (DSS) (binary data file system shared by HEC models) Model features define the spatial framework One or a few variables modeled Values for each time interval One time series may be associated with many features Many modeling scenarios Time series catalog Many time series

Flow Change Points Models communicate with one another through Arc Hydro at designated points

Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Arc 9 Model Builder FLOODPLAIN MAP Flood map as output Model for flood flow HMS Model for flood depth Nexrad rainfall map as input

Map to Map Demo

Arc Hydro Case Studies GoldSim linked to Arc Hydro Tracking Analyst for displaying Arc Hydro attribute series data MaptoMap: From Nexrad rain map to a flood plain map using Model Builder, Arc Hydro and the HEC models Temporal Geoprocessing for Hydroperiod at the South Florida Water Management District Then Michael Blongewicz will present the DHI Time Series Manager

Arc Hydro for South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) Hydroperiod Estimation Operations Decision Support System Existing Arc Hydro Framework Enhanced Arc Hydro Framework for South Florida Regional Simulation Model Flood Hydrology & Hydraulics

Arc Hydro Framework Data Model The Arc Hydro framework is built on a Hydro Network made up of HydroEdges (stream lines) and HydroJunctions (points of interest on the lines). The watersheds, waterbodies and hydropoints are connected to the hydronetwork using relationships with the hydro junctions (blue lines in the diagram).

Arc Hydro Framework For South Florida Basins Waterbody (NHD) The Arc Hydro Framework is a simplified version of the full Arc Hydro data model designed for an entry level user who just wants to put together a basic data set for streams, watersheds, waterbodies and hydro points like stream gages and water quality monitoring points Hydro Points Hydro Network (NHD)

Flood Inundation Region HydroPeriod Flood Inundation Region 1 Depth Class Land Category dbHydro 1 1 Feature Series Time Series MonitoringPoint Attribute Series Raster Series 1..* Extended Arc Hydro Framework

Hydroperiod Tool TimeSeries Framework Feature Series Time Variable 1 3 Attribute Series Raster Series y t x 2 4

Component Transfer Mechanism Visual Basic program to load DBHydro catalog data into Arc Hydro TimeSeries format ArcGIS Spatial Interpolation to create water surface raster from TimeSeries stage values Raster to Polygon Tool to create daily ponded depth class polygons from daily ponded depth class rasters Spatial Analyst Zonal Statistics to calculate statistics over selected zones 1 2 3 4

Time series from gages in Kissimmee Flood Plain 21 gages measuring water surface elevation Data telemetered to central site using SCADA system Edited and compiled daily stage data stored in corporate time series database called dbHydro Each time series for each gage in dbHydro has a unique dbkey (e.g. ahrty, tyghj, ecdfw, ….)

Compile Gage Time Series into an Attribute Series table

Hydraulic head Land surface h Mean sea level (datum) Hydraulic head is the water surface elevation in a standpipe anywhere in a water system, measured in feet above mean sea level

Map of hydraulic head Z Hydraulic head, h h(x, y) x y X Y A map of hydraulic head specifies the continuous spatial distribution of hydraulic head at an instant of time

Time sequence of hydraulic head maps z t3 t2 t1 Hydraulic head, h x y

Attribute Series to Raster Series

Inundation d h L Depth of inundation = d IF (h - L) > 0 then

Inundation Time Series d(x,y,t) = h(x,y,t) – LT(x,y) h (x,y,t) LT(x,y) d(x,y,t) t Time DEMO: DHI Time Series

Ponded Water Depth Kissimmee River June 1, 2003

Show Generate Rasters Model

Hydroperiod Tool TimeSeries Framework Feature Series Time Variable 1 3 Attribute Series Raster Series y t x 2 4

Depth Classification Depth Class 11 5 9-10 4 7-8 3 5-6 2 3-4 1 1-2 -1

Feature Series of Ponded Depth

Show Classify Depths Model

Attribute Series for Habitat Zones

Show Zonal Stats Model

Issues Is the {time series, attribute series, raster series, feature series} an appropriate language for describing time variation of spatial features? What plans does ESRI have to design ArcGIS time series and do they fit with what is proposed here? Need to refine and standardize the time series typing system