Particle Emissions from wood combustion (Concentration in Raw and Diluted Flue Gas) Nezam Azizaddini Weigang Lin Jytte B. Illerup Yifan Lu Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Contents Introduction Test set-up Particle concentration Standards Techniques and instruments

Wood combustion Small-scale residential wood stoves!

Introduction Residential wood stove (HWAM 3400) Chimney, dilution tunnel,… (NS 3058-1) Particle emissions NS 3058-2 SMPS ELPI HT-ELPI Scanning mobility particle sizer Electrical Low Pressure Impactor

Particle emissions Particle number concentration Particle mass concentration Ref: Lars Gunnarsen, Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, Aalborg University Wood smoke Agglomerates Importance of PNC increseas significantly for d<100nm

SEM - TEM Scanning Electron Microscopy Transmition Electron Microscopy Transmitting electron microscopy

NS 3058-2:1994 Particle mass emission

SMPS Scanning mobility particle sizer Electrostatic classifier (DMA 3080) CPC 3775 Down to 4 nm Up to 107 #/cm3

ELPI+ Electrical Low Pressure Impactor 14 impactor stages www.dekati.com

ELPI+ 6 nm to 10 µm Measurement options: Real-time particle concentration Gravimetric measurements Particle charge distribution www.dekati.com AL substrate: 25 mm Impacator: 14 stages 13 impactor plates, 1 filter

HT ELPI+ High temperature ELPI Direct sampling of raw flue gas

HT ELPI+ High temperature diluter Air heater up to 200 °C Flue gas temperature: 120-250 degC HT ELPI+ - operating temp: 60-120-180 degC - sampling flow rate: 10 lpm

Thanks for your attention! Nezam Azizaddini seaz@kt.dtu.dk +45 9119 2480 DTU Chemical Engineering CHEC Research Centre Lyngby, Denmark