Water Matters COLORS EVERY WHERE PAPER INDUSTRIES TEXTILE INDUSTRIES CHEMICALS ENERGY Color is primarily an aesthetic pollutant but some dye classes do not degrade rapidly. Azo and anthraquinone are types widely used in the paper and textile industries. 133 billion gallons of water consumed in the textile industry. 30 % reactive dye discharged. Residual chemicals and energy are in spent baths and white water. Pass through regulations in the books at federal and state levels but rarely enforced. REGULATIONS/LIMITS MAY BE ENFORCED

TAML® by Carnegie Mellon University reactive and very selective water soluble, non-toxic, stable between pH 1 – 13 low dosage, 0.1 - 4 ppm Fe-TetraAmido Macrocyclic Ligand1 Resistant to oxidative degradation and to hydrolysis Chemical structure can be tuned to have specific selectivity The exact nature of the reactive intermediates is being investigated Looking for easy simple and economic process or technology to reduce or remove colors: Physical Electrochemical Biological Chemical TAML is a catalyst/activator synthesized from basic elements – C, H, O, N, Fe – to work with natural hydrogen peroxide to oxidize dyes to simpler colorless molecules. 1. T. J. Collins, Acc. Chem. Res. 35:782-790 (2002)

Intracron Black VS-B 596 nm, TAML 20 uL, 60oC, pH 9 This a result of lab scale work on a dye used by a textile mill in MA. The color was removed to the point that the solution could be used . This kind of result was not obtained for all dyes tested. For most dyes, it should be possible to tweak the parameters – temperature, concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and TAML® , reaction time, etc. to obtain residual solutions that can be recycled for some processes in the mills. 596 nm, TAML 20 uL, 60oC, pH 9

Portable Module With our partners, we have built and tested a module, presently located at ATMC that can be moved to any facility for on-site trials

Work in Progress OTA: On site/field trials Analyses of lab, pilot and on site results Review designs & parameters of pilot unit ATMC: Tests on spent dye bath solutions Pilot-scale decolorization system UMD: Decomposition pathways, end- & by-products, reaction mechanisms CMU: Design & synthesize new activators We want to acknowledge our partners and state that there is still a lot of work to do.