Managers and Organizations BOH4M

Organizations A collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose Three characteristics: Purpose: to create a good or service Division of labour: different tasks assigned to different people Hierarchy of authority: a level-by level management structure of increasing responsibility

Organizations as Open Systems

Organizations Using the three characteristics, prove that the following are an organization: McDonald’s Woodland Christian High School Toyota Lawn Care Business

Managers A person who is responsible for the work of others Examples—CEO, supervisor, plant manager Must co-ordinate human resources with material resources (information, raw materials) to produce goods and services A manager’s responsibility is to obtain the highest level of performance for the least amount of inputs

Efficiency to Effectiveness

Managerial Levels

Managerial Levels Upper Management Establishes organizational objectives Monitors external environment and trends Examples: CEO (Chief Executive Officer), COO (Chief Opperations Officer), CFO, Vice-President of Marketing, VP of Human Resources Corporate titles or business titles are given to company and organization officials to show what duties and responsibilities they have in the organization. Such titles are used in publicly and privately held for-profit corporations. In addition, many non-profit organizations, educational institutions, partnerships, and sole proprietorships also confer corporate titles. The highest-level executives in senior management usually have titles beginning with "chief" and are therefore usually called "C-level" or part of the "C-suite". The traditional three such officers are chief executive officer (CEO),chief operations officer (COO), and chief financial officer (CFO). Depending on the management structure, C-titles may exist instead of or are blended/overlapped with other traditional executive titles, such as president, various designations of vice presidents (e.g. VP of marketing), and general managers or directors of various divisions (such as director of marketing); the latter may or may not imply membership of the board of directors. Certain other prominent C-level positions have emerged, some of which are sector-specific. For example, CEO and chief risk officer (CRO) positions are often found in many types of financial services companies. Technology companies of all sorts now tend to have a chief technology officer (CTO) to manage technology development. A chief information officer (CIO) oversees IT (information technology) matters, either in companies that specialize in IT or in any kind of company that relies on it for supporting infrastructure. Many companies now also have a chief marketing officer (CMO), particularly mature companies in competitive sectors, where brand management is a high priority. In creative/design industries, there is sometimes a chief creative officer (CCO), responsible for keeping the overall look and feel of different products consistent across a brand. A chief administrative officer may be found in many large complex organizations that have various departments or divisions. Additionally, many companies now call their top diversity leadership position the chief diversity officer (CDO). However, this and many other nontraditional and/or lower-ranking C-level titles (see below) are not universally recognized as corporate officers, and they tend to be specific to particular organizational cultures or the preferences of employees.

Managerial Levels Middle Management Interpret direction from above Guide lower management Examples: Department Heads, Plant Manager, Human Resource Director Human Resources: The department or support systems responsible for personnel sourcing and hiring, applicant tracking, skills development and tracking, benefits administration and compliance with associated government regulations.

Managerial Levels Lower Management Manages operating employees Examples: Supervisor, Foreperson, Assistant Manager Lower Management: Generally oversees the performance of employees working on line tasks in managerial positions such as foreman, line boss, shift boss, section chief, head nurse or sergeant. Also called supervisory personnel or first level managers.

TYPES OF MANAGERS

Line and Staff Managers Line managers Their work directly contributes to production Staff managers Work in specialized support areas such as marketing, accounting, human resources, and the legal department

Managers and Administrators Work in for profit organizations Administrators Work in non-profit organizations primarily. A chief administrative officer (CAO) is responsible for administrative management of private, public or governmental corporations. The CAO is one of the highest ranking members of anorganization, managing daily operations and usually reporting directly to the chief executive officer. In some companies, the CAO is also the president. It is very similar to a chief operating officerand is not the same as a CEO, which is a more senior title. In a municipal context, the title is usually used as an alternative for city manager,[1] county administrator, or county executive, particularly in cases where the position does not include powerssuch as the authority to appoint or dismiss department heads. Administrators: Implement set policy from the board…

Functional and General Functional Manager Responsible for a single area General Manager Responsible for complex areas

MANAGERIAL SKILLS Technical Skills Human Skills Conceptual Skills Specialized skills such as engineering, accounting, marketing, information technology Most important in lower management Human Skills An ability to interact with people Important at all management levels Conceptual Skills Ability to think critically and analytically Solve problems Most important in upper management