Nucleotides Starter What is DNA ? Where will you find DNA in a cell?

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleotides Starter What is DNA ? Where will you find DNA in a cell?

Nucleotides Aims: What are the components of DNA? How are these components arranged within the DNA double helix? What is the function of DNA?

Answer the questions on your worksheet. Watch the video. Answer the questions on your worksheet. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54n8DLreEe4

DNA (and RNA) is a nucleic acid It is made from lots of nucleotide monomers joined together by condensation reactions to form a polynucleotide. Its function is to act as an information carrying molecule that determines the structure of proteins, including enzymes.

Look at all this Nitrogen! Nucleotide Four types Look at all this Nitrogen! Adenine Guanine Cytosine Three parts Thymine

Nucleotide Four types Adenine Guanine Purines have two rings Cytosine Three parts Thymine

Pyrimidines have one ring Nucleotide Four types Adenine Guanine Pyrimidines have one ring Cytosine Three parts Thymine

Nucleotide Three parts Deoxyribose sugar

Phosphate Group Nucleotide Three parts

Sides are phosphates and sugars (deoxyribose) Rungs are bases Sides are phosphates and sugars (deoxyribose)

The rungs (bases) are held together by hydrogen bonds Rungs are bases The rungs (bases) are held together by hydrogen bonds Sides are phosphates and sugars (deoxyribose)

The rungs (bases) are held together by hydrogen bonds This means that when DNA needs to be copied, the two strands can be easily split apart

The rungs (bases) are held together by hydrogen bonds This means that when DNA needs to be copied, the two strands can be easily split apart

When the molecules twist into a helix, they are held in a stable structure, by the formation of hydrogen bonds between each coil of the helix.

What about the ratio in different species? 10 bases for each complete turn (3.4nm) What is the relationship between the quantities adenine and thymine in DNA? What is the relationship between the quantities of guanine and cytosine in DNA? What about the ratio in different species?

Nucleotides TASK: Complete the questions on your sheet. The notes in your Unit 2 booklet are up to you to do in your own time. All questions to be completed for homework.

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