Human Biology Digestive System Ch. 38

True or False Your mouth digests sugar only. Your large intestine is involved in digestion of fat. Your stomach juice is basic. Most of the digestive enzymes are produced by pancreas. Most of the digestion takes place in the small intestine. The enzyme pepsin breaks down carbohydrates.

The Functions of Digestive System _______________________

Types of Digestion Mechanical Digestion -__________ breaking down of food into smaller parts (______________, ______________) -increases ____________ to maximize rate of _________________. Chemical Digestion Breaking down of food into smaller substances by ________________. Ex. Carbohydrates can be broken down into simple sugar, glucose

Parts of Digestive System Mouth - teeth (_________ digestion) - saliva (_________ digestion) has an enzyme called ________ that breaks down ________________.

Parts of Digestive System Esophagus – a tube that pushes food down to stomach - __________= wave-like contraction that moves food down

Parts of Digestive System 3. Stomach churns or mixes food (mechanical digestion) - releases gastric juice (___________ acid and enzyme called ______) to break down __________ (chemical digestion).

Parts of Digestive System 4. Small Intestine – most digestion takes place in the first part of small intestine called ___________________ carbohydrates (_____________) fats (__________, ___________) nucleic acid (_____________) proteins (_______, ______, _______________) - All the enzymes are released by __________ and bile is produced by __________.

Parts of Digestive System 5. Large Intestine – _______ and _________ absorbed 6. Rectum – stores _________ 7. Anus – opening for elimination of solid waste

________ in intestines Finger-like projections that ___________ the surface area and nutrient absorption.

Accessory Organs Not part of the digestive tract, but help in digestion _____ – releases bile to break down fat in small intestine ____________– stores bile ____________ – produces pancreatic enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats in small intestine; produces ______ and ___________.

Calories A unit of ________ stored in food Carbohydrates = ___ cal/g of energy. Fats = ___ cal/g of energy Proteins = _____ cal/g of energy

Vitamins & Minerals Necessary to carry out every day chemical reactions in human body. Vitamin A – good for skin & vision Vitamin B – metabolism (esp. fat & carbs) Vitamin C – antioxidant, tissue repair & would healing Vitamin D – makes the bones stronger by allowing bones to absorb calcium from the blood better Vitamin E – prevents cellular damage; good for skin Vitamin K – blood clotting